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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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emotional regulation
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The ability to control when and how emotions are expressed.
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initiative vs guilt
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Erikson's third psychosocial crisis, in which children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them.
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self-esteem
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A person's evaluation of his or her own worth, either in specifics(e.g., intelligence, attractiveness) or overall.
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self-concept
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A person's understanding of who he or she is, in relation to self-esteem, appearance, personality, and various traits.
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intrinsic motivation
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A drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that comes from inside a person, such as the need to feel smart or competent.
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extrinsic motivation
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A drive, or reason to pursue a goal, that arises from the need to have one's achievement's rewarded from outside, perhaps by receiving material possessions or another person's esteem.
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psychopathology
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An illness or disorder of the mind.
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externalizing problems
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Difficulty with emotional regulation that involves expressing powerful feelings through uncontrolled physical or verbal outbursts, as by lashing out at other people or breaking things.
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internalizing problems
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Difficulty with emotional regulation that involves turning one's emotional distress inward, as by feeling excessively guilty, ashamed, or worthless.
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rough-and-tumble play
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Play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or hitting, but in which there is no intent to harm.
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sociodramatic play
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Pretend play in which children act out various roles and themes in stories that they create.
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authoritarian parenting
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An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high behavioral standards, strict punishment of misconduct, and little communication.
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permissive parenting
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An approach to child rearing that is characterized by high-nurturance and communication but little discipline, guidance, or control.
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authoritative parenting
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An approach to child rearing in which the parents set limits but listen to the child and are flexible.
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neglectful/uninvolved parenting
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An approach to child rearing in which the parents are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children's lives.
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empathy
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The ability to understand the emotions and concerns of another person, especially when they differ from one's own.
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antipathy
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Feelings of dislike or even hatred for another person.
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prosocial behavior
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Feelings and actions that are helpful and kind but are of no obvious benefit to oneself.
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antisocial behavior
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Feelings and actions that are deliberately hurtful or destructive to another person.
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instrumental aggression
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Hurtful behavior that is intended to get or keep something that another person has.
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reactive aggression
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An impulsive retaliation for
another person's intentional or accidental action, verbal or physical. |
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relational aggression
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Nonphysical acts, such as insults or social rejection, aimed at harming the social connection between the victim and other people.
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bullying aggression
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Unprovoked, repeated physical or verbal attack, especially on victims who are unlikely to defend themselves.
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psychological control
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A disciplinary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support and that relies on a child's parents.
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time out
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A disciplinary technique in which a child is separated from other people for a specified time.
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sex differences
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Biological differences between males and females, in organs, hormones, and body type.
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gender differences
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Differences in the roles and behavior of males and females that are prescribed by the culture.
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phallic stage
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Freud's third stage of development, when the penis becomes the focus of concern and pleasure.
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Oedipus complex
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The unconscious desire of young boys to replace their father and win their mother's exclusive love.
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superego
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In psychoanalytic theory, the judgmental part of the personality that internalizes the moral standards of the parents.
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Electra complex
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The unconscious desire of girls to replace their mother and win their father's exclusive love.
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identification
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An attempt to defend one's self-concept by taking on the behaviors and attitudes of someone else.
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gender schema
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A cognitive concept or general belief based on one's experiences-in this case, a child's understanding of sex differences.
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androgyny
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A balance, within one person, of traditionally masculine and feminine psychological characteristics.
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