Human Development And Aging

Front 1

Rooting Reflexes

Back 1

onset: 28weeks of gestations - 3months
Stimulus: stoke check, corner of mouth
Response: movement of tongue/mouth/head towards stimuli
Relevance:locate feeding source.

Front 2

Traction Reflex

Back 2

onset: 28 wks gestation-2-5 months
Stimuli: Grasp infants forearm and pull to sit
Response: flexion of UE
Relevance: enhances reflexive grasp

Front 3

Plantar grasp

Back 3

onset:28 wks gestation- 9 months
Stimuli: apply pressure to infants ball of foot
Response: Toe flexion
Relevance: Increase tactile input to sole of feet.

Front 4

Galant reflex

Back 4

onset: 32 wks gestation - 2 months
Stimuli: infant in prone suspension, tap spine from shoulder buttocks
Response: later trunk flexion on stimulated side
Relevance: facilitates later trunk flexion increases truck stability.

Front 5

ATNR

Back 5

onset: 37 wks gestation- 6 months
Stimuli: rotate infants neck hold for 5 seconds
Response: flexion on skull side, extension on face side
Relevance: visual hand regard

Front 6

Tonic Labyrinthine Supine

Back 6

onset: 32 wks gestation- 6 months
Stimuli: Infant in supine
Response: increases extensor tone
Relevance: Facilitates total body extensor tone

Front 7

Tonic labyrinthine Prone

Back 7

onset: 32 wks gestation- 6 months
Stimuli: infant in prone
Response: increase flexor tone
Relevance: Facilitates total body flexor tone.

Front 8

Optical head righting

Back 8

birth- persists
Stimuli: hold infant vertically and tilt, forward, backward, and to the side
Response: upright positioning of the head
Relevance: orients head in space

Front 9

Landue Reflex

Back 9

onset: 3 months- 24 months
Stimuli: hold infant in horizontal prone position
Response: extension of head, trunk, and extremities.

Front 10

Symmetric tonic neck reflex

Back 10

onset: 4 months- 12 months
Stimuli:place infant in crawling position w/ head extended.
Response: flexion of hips and knees

Front 11

Neck righting (NOB)

Back 11

onset: 6 months- 5 years
Stimulus: infant in supine and turn head to ones side
Response: Log roll of entire body to maintain alignment with head.

Front 12

Body righting (BOB)

Back 12

onset: 6 months- 5 years.
Stimulus: infants supine, flex hip and knees towards chest and hold briefly
Response: Segmented roll of upper truck
Relevance: facilitate trunk rotation.

Front 13

laterality

Back 13

superior development of one side of the body; using one hand more than other (hand dominance stable at 5 years)

Front 14

Tonic bite reflex

Back 14

This is jaw closure accomplished by forceful, sustained upward movement of the mandible. It occurs following stimulation of the teeth or gums. It is accompanied by increased abnormal tone in the jaw muscles. It is difficult to release. Damage to the teeth or to the object placed in the mouth may occur. The tonic bite increases if the item is pulled on. Do not confuse this pattern with a bite reflex which results in closing or approximation of closing following stimulation to the lips, gums or teeth. This normal reflex becomes integrated before age two, and is not associated with abnormally increased muscle tone.

Front 15

Homonymous Hemianopsia

Back 15

loss of 1/2 of visual field in each eye (nasal of one half and temporal of other eye). Inability to receive information from right or left side corresponds to side of sensorimotor deficit.