Human Development And Aging

Front 1

Labyrinthin/Optical (head) Righting Reflex

Back 1

Onset Age: birth-2mos
Integration Age: persists
Stimulus:hold infant suspended vertically and tilt slowly (about 45 degrees) to the side, forward, or backward
Response:upright positioning of the head
Relevance: orients head in space; maintains face vertical

Front 2

Landau Reflex

Back 2

Onset Age: 3-4 mos
Integration Age: 12-24 mos
Stimulus: Hold infant in horizontal prone suspension
Response: complete extension of head, trunk, and extremities
Relevance: breaks up flexor dominance; facilitaties prone extension

Front 3

Symetric Tonic Neck Refelx

Back 3

Onset Age: 4-6mos
Integration Age: 8-12 mos
Stimulus: Place infant in the crawling position and extend the head
Response: flexion of hips and knees
Relevance: breaks up total extensor posture; facilitates static quadruped position

Front 4

Neck Righting (NOB)

Back 4

Onset Age: 4-6 mos
Integration Age: 5yrs
Stimulus: Place infant in supine and fully turn head to one side
Response: Log rolling of the entire body to maintain alignment with the head
Relevance: Maintains head/body alignment; initiates rolling (first ambulation effort)

Front 5

Body righting (on body BOB)

Back 5

Onset Age: 4-6 mos
Integration Age: 5yrs
Stimulus: Place infant in supine, flex one hip and knee toward the chest and hold briefly
Response: Segmental rolling of the upper trunk to maintain alignment
Relevance: facilitates trunk/spinal rotation

Front 6

Downward parachute (protective extension downward)

Back 6

Onset Age: 4mos
Integration Age: Persists
Stimulus: Rapidly lower infant toward supporting surface while vertically suspended
Response: extension of the lower extremities
Relevance: allows accurate placement of lower extremities in anticipation of surface

Front 7

Forward Parachute
(protective extension forward)

Back 7

Onset Age: 6-9mos
Integration Age: persists
Stimulus: Suddenly tip infant forward toward supporting surface while vertically suspended
Response:Sudden extension of the upper extremities, hand opening, and neck extension
Relevance: allows accurate placement of upper extremities in anticipation of supporting surface to prevent a fall

Front 8

Sideward parachute
(protective extension sideward)

Back 8

Onset Age: 7mo
Integration Age: persists
Stimulus: Quickly but firmly tip infant off balance to the side while in the sitting position
Response: arm extension and abduction to the side
Relevance: protects body to prevent a fall; supports body for unilateral use of opposite arm

Front 9

Backward parachute
(protective extension backward)

Back 9

Onset Age: 9-10 mos
Integration Age: persists
Stimulus: Quickly but firmly tip infant off-balance backward
Response: backward arm extension or arm extension to one side
Relevance: protects body to prevent a fall; unilaterally facilitates spinal rotation

Front 10

Prone tilting

Back 10

Onset Age: 5mos
Integration Age: persists
Stimulus:after positioning infant in prone, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response:Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance:maintain equilibrium without arm suppport; facilitates postural adjustments in all positions

Front 11

Supine tilting and sitting tilting

Back 11

Onset Age: 7-8mos
Integration Age: persists
Stimulus: after positioning infant in supine or sitting, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response: curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance:maintain equilibrium without arm suppport; facilitates postural adjustments in all positions

Front 12

Quadruped tilting

Back 12

Onset Age: 9-12 mos
Integration Age: persists
Stimulus:after positioning infant on all fours, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response:Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance:maintain equilibrium without arm suppport; facilitates postural adjustments in all positions

Front 13

Standing tilting

Back 13

Onset Age: 12-21mos
Integration Age:persists
Stimulus: after positioning infant in standing, slowly raise one side of the supporting surface
Response:Curving of the spine toward the raised side (opposite to the pull of gravity); abduction/extension of arms and legs
Relevance:maintain equilibrium without arm suppport; facilitates postural adjustments in all positions