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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Testes |
Produce sperm cells and the male sex hormone (Testosterone) |
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Seminiferous Tubules |
Holow tubes in the teste in which spermatogenesis occurs |
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Interstitial Cells |
Surround seminiferous tubules; secrets testosterone |
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Sertoli Cells |
Support the development of spermatozoa |
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Epididymides |
Cap of coiled tubes on the testes in which sperm cells mature and are stored until ejactulation |
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Vas Deferens (Ductus Deferentia) |
Smooth muscle tube; carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejactulatory duct |
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Cowper's Gland (Bulbourethral Gland) |
Secretes mucus into the semen |
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Seminal Vesicles |
Secrete fructose sugar into the semen to imporve sperm motility |
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Ejaculatory Duct |
Formed at the joining of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles, which conducts semen to the urethra |
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Urethra |
Carries semen during ejactulation and urine at other times. Opens at the end of the penis |
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Penis |
Deposits semen into the female vagina during ejaculation; consists of the glans and shaft |
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Ovaries |
Site of ovum development, ovulation, and the seccretion of estrogen and progesterone from follicles |
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Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts) |
Lead from ovaries to the uterus; carry ova to the uterus; usual site of fertilization |
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Uterus |
Muscuar organ in which the embryo and fetus develop |
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Endometrium |
Inner lining of the uterus,develops monthly; embryo implants here; shed in menstration |
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Cervix |
Tightly closed bottom of uterus; dialates during birth |
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Vagina |
Leads from the cervix to the exterior of the body; functions as a passageways for semen, as the birth canal during delivery, and as an outlet for menstrual blood |
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Estrogen |
Function in Males: None Function in Females: Developmen of breasts and other secondary sex characteristics; thickening and vascularisation of endometrium |
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Progesterone |
Function in Males: None Function in Females: Quiets smooth muscle contractions of uterus maintaining endometrium |
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Testosterone |
Function in Males: Stimulates primary and seondary sex characterisics; growth of testes, penis, /muscles, growth of facial hair; indirectly stimulate spermatogenisis
Function in Females: None |
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
Function in Males: Acts on Sertoli cells to stimulate spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubule
Function in Females: Stimulates follicles in the ovaries to develop ova |
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Leutinizing Hormone (LH) |
Function in Males: Stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone
Function in Females: Triggers ovulation and stimulates estrogen and progesterone secretion from corpus luteum |
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Gonadatropic Releasing Hormone (GnRH) |
Monitors reproductive endocrine system. Stimulates synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH |
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Fertilization (Conception) |
The joining of male and female gametes to form a single cell that contains 23 chromosomes from each parent for a total of 46 chromosomes |
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Zona Pellucida |
A thin, clear layer of protein and carbohydrates |
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Corona Radiata |
Several jelly-like layers of follicle cells that loosely adhere to one another |
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Acrosome |
The cap surrounding the nucleus in sperm |
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Zygote |
Single cell- first cell of a new life |
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Cleavage |
The process of cell division without enlargement of the cells |
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Morula |
Term used to describe a zygote when it becomes a 16-cell sphere |
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Blastocyst (Germ Pouch) |
mammalian embryo at the stage in which it is implanted in the wall of the uterus and consists of a nearly hollow ball of cells; is made up of two groups of cells; the trophoblast and the inner cell mass; this stage follows the morula |
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Trophoblast |
the outer cell layer of the blastocyst; will develop into the chorion membrane |
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Chorion |
membrane. |
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Placenta |
A structure that provides nutrients and oxygen to,and removes wastes from the developing offspring |
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Implantation |
The process of attachment of the embryo to the endometrium; occurs within the first week after fertilization in humans |
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Human Chorionic Gonadatropin (hCG) |
Hormone secreted by the throphoblast at the time of implantaion of the embryo; prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum. |
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Allantois |
extra-embryotic membrane that forms the foundation for the umbilical cord |
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Notochord |
A flexible rodlike structure that is present in the embryos of all chordates and in the adult forms of certain groups, such as the lancelets and hagfishes. The notochord develops into the spinal column in most vertebrates.
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Ectoderm |
Outer Primary Germ Layer |
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Mesoderm |
Middle Primary Germ Layer |
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Endoderm |
Inner Primary Germ Layer |
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Amnion |
extra-embryotic membrane that forms a transparent sac that encloses and protects the embryo and fetus |
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Yolk Sac |
one of the extra-embryonic membranes suspended from the abdominal area of the embryo; in humans serves no nutritive function, but contributes to the formation of the digestive tract and produces the first blood cells and the future egg (ova) or sperm cells |
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Teratogen |
any agent that causes a structural abnormality due to exposure during pregnancy |
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Partuition |
The birthing process |
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Labour |
All the events associated with partuition |
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Lactation |
the secretion and formation of breast milk in the mother |
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Prolactin |
the hormone that is needed for milk production |
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1st Trimester (Weeks 1-12) |
- germ layers form -By the end of this trimester the heart,brain, limb buds (with fingers and toes) have all developed -by the end of this trimester, external reproductive organs distinguish male from female |
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2nd Trimester (Weeks 13-24) |
-Fetus is 57mm-350mm long -Fetus moves enough to be noticed -All organs have formed -Eyelids and eyelashes form -Cartilage has been replaced with bone cells -soft hair covers the body |
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3rd Trimester (Weeks 25-38) |
-Rapid growth of baby; particularily layers of fat -organs are established but continue to develop -350mm-530mm long |
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Gastrulation |
The process in which two layer structure (blastula)develops into a three layer structure (Gastrula) |
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Morphogenesis |
The development of an organism or part of it |
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Relaxin |
-hormone produced by the placenta -causes ligaments to loosen and the cervix to soften |
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Prostaglandins |
-works with oxytocin to produce strong uterine contractios |
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Flow phase |
days 1-5 |
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Follicular Phase |
Days 5-14 |
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Ovulatory Phase |
Day 14 |
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Luteal Phase |
Days 14-28 |
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Menopause |
A period in a womans life in which a decrease in estrogen and progesterone results in an end to menstrual cycles. Usually occurs around age 50 |