Human Development, 11Th Edit, Ch11&12

Front 1

Primary Sex Characteristics

Back 1

Organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence

Front 2

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Back 2

Physiological signs of sexual maturation (Such as breast development and growth of body hair) that do not involve sex organs.

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Adolescent growth spurt

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Sharp increase in height and weight that precedes sexual maturity

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Spermarche

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Boy's first ejaculation

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Menarche

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Girl's first menstruation

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Secular trend

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Trend that can be seen only by observing generations, such as the trend towards earlier attainment of adult height and sexual maturity, which began a century ago in some countries

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Body image

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Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one's appearance

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Anorexia Nervosa

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Eating disorder characterized by self-starvation

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Bulimia Nervosa

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Eating disorder in which a person regularly eats huge quantities of food and then purges the body by laxatives, induced vomiting, fasting, or excessive exercise

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Substance abuse

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Repeated, harmful use of a substance, usually alcohol or other drugs

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Substance Dependence

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Addiction (physical, psychological, or both) to a harmful substance

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Formal operations

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Piaget's final stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly

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Hypothetical deductive reasoning

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Ability, believed by Piaget to accompany the stage of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypothesis

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Declarative Knowledge

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Acquired factual knowledge stored in long term memory

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Procedural knowledge

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Acquired skills stored in long term memory

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Cocneptual knowledge

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Acquired interpretive understandings stored in long-term memory

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Preconventual morality

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First level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning in which control is external and rules are obeyed in order to gain rewards or avoid punishment or out of self interest

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Conventional Morality

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Second level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning in which standards of authority figures are internalized

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Postconventual Morality

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Third level of Kohlbeg's theory of moral reasoning in which people follow internally held moral principals and can decide among moral standards.

Front 20

Identity VS Identity confusion

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Erickson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, in which an adolescent seeks to develop a coherent sense of self, including the role she or he has to play in society. Also called identity vs role confusion.

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Identity statuses

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Marcia's term for states of ego development that depend on the presence or absence of crisis o commitment.

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Crisis

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Marcia's term for period of conscious decision making related to identity formation.

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Commitment

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Marcia's term for personal investment in an occupation or system of beliefs.

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Identity achievement

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Idenity status, described by Marcia, that is characterized by commitment to choices made following a crisis - a period spent exploring alternatives.

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Foreclosure

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Identity status, (MARCIA), in which a person who has not spent time considering alternatives - that is, has not been in a crisis - is committed to other people's plans for his or her life.

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Moratorium

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Identity status, described by Marcia, in which a person is currently considering alternatives (in crisis) and seems headed for commitment.

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Identity status

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described by Marcia, that is characterized by absence of commitment and lack of serious consideration of alternatives.

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Sexual orientation

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Focus of consistent sexual, romantic, affectionate interest, either heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.

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Sexually transmitted diseases

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Diseases spread by sexual contact

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Adolescent rebellion

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Pattern of emotional turmoil, characteristic of a minority of adolescents, which may involve conflict with family, alienation form adult society, reckless behavior, and rejection of adult values.

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Individuation

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Adolescent's struggle for autonomy & personal identity