Human Development - 10Th Ed - Diane {

Front 1

Adolescence

Back 1

Developmental transition between childhood and adulthood entailing major physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes

Front 2

Puberty

Back 2

Process by which a person attains sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce

Front 3

Primary Sex Characteristics

Back 3

Organs directly related to reproduction, which enlarge and mature during adolescence.

Front 4

Secondary sex characteristics

Back 4

Physiological signs of sexual maturity, such as breast development and growth of body hair, that do not involve the sex organs.

Front 5

Secular trend:

Back 5

Trend that can be seen by observing several generations, such as the trend towards earlier attainment of adult and sexual maturity, which began a century ago.

Front 6

Adolescent growth spurt

Back 6

Sharp increase in height and weight that precedes sexual maturity.

Front 7

Spermarche

Back 7

Boy's first ejaculation.

Front 8

Body image

Back 8

Descriptive and evaluative beliefs about one's appearance.

Front 9

Anorexia Nervosa

Back 9

Eating disorder characterized by self-starvation

Front 10

Bulimia Nervosa

Back 10

Eating disorder in which a person eats a huge quantity of food, then purges the body by using laxatives, vomiting, or excessive exercise.

Front 11

Substance abuse

Back 11

Repeated, harmful use of a substance (usually alcohol or other drugs)

Front 12

Substance development

Back 12

Addiction (physical or psychological or both) to a harmful substance.

Front 13

Gateway drugs

Back 13

Drugs such as alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana, which often lead to the use of more addictive drugs

Front 14

Formal operations

Back 14

Piaget's first stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to think abstractly.

Front 15

Hypothetical deductive reasoning:

Back 15

Ability, believed by Piaget, to accompany the stage of formal operations, to develop, consider, and test hypotheses.

Front 16

Imaginary audience

Back 16

Elkind's term for observer who exists only in an adolescent's mind and is concerned with the adolescent's thoughts and actions as the adolescent is.

Front 17

Personal Fable

Back 17

Elkind's term for conviction that one is special, unique, and not subject to the rules that govern the rest of the world.

Front 18

Declarative Knowledge

Back 18

Acquired factual knowledge stored in long-term memory.

Front 19

Procedural knowledge

Back 19

Acquired skills that stay in long term memory.

Front 20

Conceptual knowledge

Back 20

Acquired interpretive understandings stored in long term memory.

Front 21

Preconventual morality

Back 21

First level of Kolhberg's theory in which control is external and rules are obeyed in order to gain rewards or avoid punishment or out of self-interest.

Front 22

Conventional Morality (or morality of conventional role conformity)

Back 22

Second level in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning in which standards of authority figures are internalized.

Front 23

Postconventual moralityy for morality of autonomus moral principals

Back 23

Third level of Kohlbeg's theory of moral reasoning, in which people follow internally held moral principles and can decide amongst conflicting moral standards.

Front 24

Active engagement

Back 24

Personal involvement in schooling, work, family life, or other activity

Front 25

CHAPTER TWELVE

Back 25

CHAPTER TWELVE

Front 26

Identity

Back 26

According to Erickson, a coherent conception of the self, made up of goals, values, and beliefs to which a person is committed.

Front 27

Identity vs role confusion

Back 27

Erickson's fifth stage of psychosocial deevlopment in which a adolescent seeks to develop a coherent sense of self, including the role that he or she is to play in the family. Also called "identity vs role confusion"

Front 28

Identity Statuses

Back 28

Marcia's term for stages of ego development that depend on th presence or absence of crisis and commitment.

Front 29

Identity achievement:

Back 29

Identity status, described by Marcia, that is characterized by commitment to choices made following a crisis, a period spent exploring alternatives.

Front 30

Foreclosure

Back 30

Identity status, described by Marcia, in which a person who has not spent time considering alternatives is committed to other people's plans for his or her life.

Front 31

Moratorium

Back 31

Idenity status, described by Marcia, in which a person is currently considering alternatives *in crisis* and seems headed for commitment.