Human Dev. Test 2 Definitions 2

Front 1

Cohabitation?

Back 1

The lifestyle of unmarried couples who have a sexually intimate relationship and who share a residence.

Front 2

Companionate love?

Back 2

Love based on warm, trusting affection and caregiving. Distinguished from passionate love.

Front 3

Egalitarian marriage?

Back 3

A form of marriage in which partners relate as equals, sharing power, and authority. Both try to balance the time and energy they devote to their occupations, their children, and their relationship. Distinguished from Traditional Marriage.

Front 4

Emerging adulthood?

Back 4

A new traditional period of development, extending from the late teens, to the mid-twenties, during which young people have typically left adolescence but have not yet assumed adult responsibilities. Rather, they continue to explore alternatives in education, work, personal beliefs and values and love.

Front 5

Family Life Cycle?

Back 5

A sequence of phases characterizing the development of most families around the world. In early adulthood, people typically live on their own, marry, and bear and rear children. In middle age, parenting responsibilities diminish. Late adulthood brings retirement, growing old, and death of a spouse.

Front 6

Intimacy Versus Isolation?

Back 6

In Erikson's theory, the psychological conflict of early adulthood, reflected in the young person's thoughts and feelings about making a permanent commitment to an intimate partner.

Front 7

Life Structure?

Back 7

In Levinson's theory, the underlying design of a person's life, consisting of relationships with significant others-- individuals, groups, and institutions. Includes both central components, such as marriage/family and occupation, and peripheral ones.

Front 8

Loneliness?

Back 8

Unhappiness resulting from a gap between actual and desired social relationships.

Front 9

Passionate Love?

Back 9

Love based on intense sexual attraction. Distinguished from Companionate love.

Front 10

Social Clock?

Back 10

Age graded expectations for major life events, such as beginning a first job, getting married, birth of a first child, buying a home, and retiring.

Front 11

Traditional Marriage?

Back 11

A form of marriage involving clear division of a husband and wives roles. The man is the head of the household and economic provider. The woman devotes herself to caring for her husband and children and creating a nurturing, comfortable home. Distinguished from egalitarian home.

Front 12

Triangular Theory of Love?

Back 12

Sternberg's view of love as including three components-- intimacy, passion, and commitment-- that shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop.

Front 13

Climacteric?

Back 13

The middle transition in which fertility declines, bringing an end to reproductive capacity in women and diminished fertility in men.

Front 14

Crystallized Intelligence?

Back 14

Intellectual skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience, good judgment, and mastery of social conventions--abilities acquired because they are valued by the individual's culture. Distinguished from fluid intelligence.

Front 15

Fluid Intelligence?

Back 15

Intellectual skills that largely depend on basic information - processing skills- ability to detect relationships among visual stimuli, speed of analyzing information, and capacity of working memory. Influenced less by culture than by conditions in the brain, and by learning unique to the individual. Distinguished from crystallized intelligence.

Front 16

Glaucoma?

Back 16

A disease in which poor fluid drainage leads to a buildup of pressure within the eye, damaging the optic nerve. A leading cause of blindness among older adults.

Front 17

Hardiness?

Back 17

A set of three personal qualities-- Control, commitment, and challenge- that help people cope adaptively with stress brought on by inevitable life change.

Front 18

Hormone therapy?

Back 18

Low daily doses of estrogen, either alone or in combination with progesterone, aimed at reducing the physical, emotional, social and spiritual needs while also providing follow-up bereavement services to the family.

Front 19

Information-Loss view?

Back 19

A view that attributes age-related slowing of cognitive processing to greater loss of information as it moves through the system. As a result, the whole system must slow down to inspect the information. Distinguished from neural network view.

Front 20

Menopause?

Back 20

The end of menstruation and, therefore, of a woman's reproductive capacity.

Front 21

Neural Network View?

Back 21

A view that attributes age-related slowing of cognitive processing to breaks in neural networks as neurons die. The brain adapts by forming bypasses- new synaptic connections that go around the breaks but are less efficient. Distinguished from information- loss view.

Front 22

Osteoporosis?

Back 22

Severe age-related bone loss- which greatly magnifies the risk of bone fractures.

Front 23

Practical problem solving?

Back 23

Problem solving that requires people to size up real-world situations and analyze how best to achieve goals that have a high degree of uncertainty.

Front 24

Prebycusis?

Back 24

Age related hearing impairment, beginning around age 50 with noticeable hearing loss at high frequencies, which gradually extends to all frequencies.

Front 25

Prebyopia?

Back 25

A condition of aging in which around age 60 the lens of the eye loses its capacity to adjust to objects at varying distances.

Front 26

Type A behavior pattern?

Back 26

A behavior pattern characterized by extreme competitiveness, ambition, impatience, hostility, angry outbursts, and a sense of time pressure.

Front 27

"Big Five" Personality Traits?

Back 27

Five basic factors into which hundreds of personality traits have been organized: Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness.

Front 28

Burnout?

Back 28

A condition in which long-term job stress leads to mental exhaustion, a sense of loss of personal control, and feelings of reduced accomplishment.

Front 29

Feminization of Poverty?

Back 29

A trend in which women who support themselves in their families have become the majority of the adult population living in poverty, regardless of age or ethnic group.

Front 30

Generativity Vs Stragnation?

Back 30

In Erikson's theory the psychological conflict of midlife, which is resolved positively if the adult can integrate personal goals with the welfare of the larger social world. The resulting strength is the capacity to give and to guide the next generation.

Front 31

Glass ceiling?

Back 31

Invisible barrier to advancement up the corporate ladder, faced by women and ethnic minorities.

Front 32

Kinkeeper?

Back 32

Role assumed by members of the middle generation, especially mothers, who take responsibility for gathering the family for celebrations and making sure everyone stays in touch.

Front 33

Midlife Crisis?

Back 33

Inner turmoil and self-doubt that prompt major restructuring of personality during the transition to middle adulthood. Characterizes the experience of only a minority of adults.

Front 34

Parental Imperative Theory?

Back 34

A theory that claims that identification with traditional gender roles is maintained during the active parenting years to help ensure the survival of children but that when children reach adulthood, parents are free to express the "other gender" side of their personalities.

Front 35

Possible Selves?

Back 35

Future oriented representatives of what one hopes to become and what one is afraid of becoming. The temporal dimension of self-concept.

Front 36

Sandwich Generation?

Back 36

A term used to describe middle aged adults who must care for multiple generations above and below them at the same time.

Front 37

Skipped Generation Family?

Back 37

A family structure in which children live with grandparents but apart from parents.

Front 38

Activities of Daily Lives (ADLs)?

Back 38

Basic self care tasks required to live on one's own, such as bathing, dressing, getting in and out of a bed or chair and eating.

Front 39

Alzheimer's disease?

Back 39

The most common form of dementia, in which structural and chemical brain deterioration is associated with graduate loss of many aspects of thought and behavior, including memory, skilled and purposeful movements, and comprehension and production of speech.

Front 40

Amyloid Plaques?

Back 40

A structural change in the cerebral cortex associated with Alzheimer's disease, in which dense deposits of a deteriorated protein called amyloid develop, surrounded by clumps of dead nerve and glial cells.

Front 41

Assisted Living?

Back 41

a homelike housing arrangement for elders who require more care than can be provided at home but less than is usually provided in nursing homes.

Front 42

Assistive Technology?

Back 42

An array of devices that permits people with disabilities, including older adults, to improve functioning.

Front 43

Associative Memory Deficit?

Back 43

Age related difficulty creating and retrieving links between pieces of information-- for example, two items or an item and its context.

Front 44

Autoimmune Response?

Back 44

A malfunction of the immune system in which it turns against normal body tissues.

Front 45

Average Healthy life expectancy?

Back 45

The number of years an individual born in a particular year can expect to live in full health, without disease or injury.

Front 46

Average Life Expectancy?

Back 46

The number of years an individual born in a particular year can expect to live, starting at any given age. Distinguished from maximum lifespan and average healthy life expectancy.

Front 47

Cataracts?

Back 47

Cloudy areas in the lens of the eye that increase from middle to old age, resulting in foggy vision, and without surgery eventual blindness.

Front 48

Cerebrovascular Dementia?

Back 48

A form of dementia that develops when a series of strokes leaves areas of dead brain cells, producing step-by-step degeneration of mental ability, with each step occurring abruptly after a stroke.

Front 49

Compression of morbidity?

Back 49

The public health goal of reducing the average period of diminished vigor before death as life expectancy extends. Medical advances, improved socioeconomic conditions, and good health habits all promote this goal.

Front 50

Dementia?

Back 50

A set of disorders occurring almost entirely in old age in which many aspects of thought and behavior are so impaired that everyday activities are disrupted.