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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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`MARASMUS
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'Big Head Disease' & thin & can die
Brain Seriously affected < IQ < essential nutrients in Mom's milk Inadequate bottle feeding |
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BREAST MILK
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Lipase in it: 1-helps absorb folate (Neural tube defects) 2-helps digest fat (reg. temp.) & the fat protects from bumps and bruises
Lypozyme in it- kills bacterie (why don't catch Mom's cold) <Iron (don't need Iron after born. Don't buy fortified milk till 6 m. old) 1 year Hold if giving bottles. |
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6 MONTH NUTRITION REQUIREMENTS
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Vit. d fluoride supp. & Iron
Don't give cows' milk! (3 x 2 much protein, vit. & min. etc. = bad 4 kidneys) |
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BREAST MILK 2
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Softer stools
Teeth & Jaws stronger < expense > convenient skill Turn head when done, not force fed < allergies |
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Colostrom
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Thin blue substance baby has 1st 3-4 days b4 Mom's milk comes in (smells horrible!)
Cleans their system out! |
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Gross Motor Skills
2-3 yrs |
*walk > rhythmically hurried walk 2 run
*jump, hop, throw & catch rigidly w/upper body *push riding toy w/feet & little steering |
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Gross Motor Skills
3-4 yrs |
*stairs
*jump, hop w/flexing up body *throw & catch w/slight mvt. up body & trap ball against chest *pedal & steer |
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Gross Motor Skills
4-5 yrs |
*Walk downstairs alternately footing
*run>smoothly *gallop & skip w/1 ft *throw ball > body rotation & transfer ft lb & catch w/HANDS *rapid tricycler, steers smoothly |
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Gross Motor Skills
5-6 yrs |
*12'sec run *fluid skip & side step
*smooth gallop, true skip & sidestep *whole body throw & catch > speed *bike w/training wheels |
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Gross Motor Skills
7-12 yrs |
*18'sec run *4-12" vert jump, 3-5' broad jump *accurate square jumps
*throw&kick acc. distance, speed *whole body batting+speed+acc. *dribbling cont., relaxed, stroking |
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cephalocaudal & proximodistal trends
body proportions |
embryonic disk
*head, chest, trunk b4 limbs BUT puberty reverses *hands, legs, feet, torso Boys +2 yrs preadol growth = tall |
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fat differences
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*>last few weeks prenatal pk @9m
*girls>always, 8yrs+arms legs trunk fat *boys reverse |
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muscle differences
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Infancy & childhood SLOW
adol dramatic rise pub boys 150% girls -skeletal muscle 8-lung, red blood cells |
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Skeletal Growth
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Embryonic skeleton-cartilage 6 wk hardens bone-childhod & adol
*African A age > Cauc Girls>boys 4-6 wk @ birth & > Girls' organs dev. b4 boys |
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The best estimate of a child's physical maturity is
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skeletal age
*Epiphyses bone growth centers appear just b4 birth. New cartilage cells produced by their growth plates-thin & disappear x-ray fusion |
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cerebral cortex/hollow shell
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85% brain weight>neurons
*most sensitive, last 2 stop growing *frontal lobe, body mvt coordination, sensation, parietal, visual, temporal, aud. |
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frontal lobe
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thought consc att *impulsive inhibition, mem, reason, plan, solve *>ext. dev., 2m>effective, preschool-school & adol=adult connect w/other lobes
=cog div., proc speed, alt mem, info int |
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lateralization
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specialization
L-verbal :) emotion, sequential analyze, comm info R-spatial, distance, maps, math, :( wholistic, integrative |
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Worldwide Growth Diff
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8 yrs old 9"gap
African A, Asian>NA, Eur NA, Can, Eur, Australia>SA, Asia, Pacific Is, Africa |
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Causes of Worldwide Growth Diff
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1-live 2-food & disease 3-Ethnicity
hot&wealthy-lean/or big, long faster phys dev<men. 3-4 m<per dec cold&poverty-short stalky |
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this organ develops/finishes the fastest
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brain
birth 25% 2 yr 70% 6 yr 90% |
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Neurons, synapses & neurotransmitters
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*1-200 Bill, few>B thousand conn each
*gap fibers not touch, chem mess aka neurotransmitters *prenatal-primitive neural tube 20-80% die as synapses form |
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Glial Cells
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myelinate/coat fibers w/fat
1/2 brain volume multiply fastest 4m prenatal-2yrs |
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organized youth sports
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*6-12 yrs 1/2 part. 60% B, 40% G
*>self-E & social comp *need 2 cont 2 rules & strat, & *effort & imp emphasis *criticize=anxiety, overuse injuries |
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% of health geared physical activity
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30% us & canada
school aged & adolescents |
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hormones
types of endocrine glands: |
pituitary
thyroid adrenal |
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pituitary
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growth regulated by the hypothalamus @ brain base
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thyroid gland
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Thyroxine-brain & body size & metab
w/out=mental retardation After brain dev. NOT affect central nervous system |
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adrenal gland
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on top of kidneys
-girls' height & pubic & underarm hair |
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hypothalamus
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its receptors detect bloostream hormone levels
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growth hormone
gh |
*only pituitary 4 entire life-span, DNA
*all but central nervous&genitals *puberty 2x-adult height then < *Aff liver&epiph2make somatomedin *after B not b4, w/out=4'4" |
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somatomedin
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duplicates bone cells
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sex hormones
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*controlled by pituitary glands
*estrogens-breast, uterus, vegina, fat, menstruation, rel by ovaries *androgens-muscles, body&facial hair >gh > bone density, rel by testes |
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distance curve
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shows weight & height trends
*complete @ 16 G & 17.5 B yrs *G > @ 10-22, < @ 14 |
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velocity curve
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shows timing of growth spurts
*5 m 2x, 2yr 4x, 1yr 3x middle 5 lb, adol +50-75 lb |
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growth compared 2 mice & chimps
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20% lifespan
16% 2% Time 4 know. & skill 4 complex world |
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life-span growth
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1 yr 50% >, 2 yr 75% >,
middle +2-3"yrly adol +10-11" |
