Human Body Unit Ii: Regional Anatomy Of Perineum

Front 1

Perineum & regions

Back 1

-extends approx. from pelvic diaphgram to external surface
-urogenital triangle
-anal triangle

Front 2

borders of urogenital triangle

Back 2

-apex=pubic symphysis
-corners=ischial tuberosities
-base=runs through perineal body (meeting/crossing of muscles that occurs directly anterior to anus)

Front 3

borders of anal triangle

Back 3

-"upside-down" triangle
-base=line running through perineal body (meeting/crossing of muscles that occurs directly anterior to anus)
-corners=ischial tuberosities
-apex=sacrum

Front 4

layers/regions of perineum (deep-->superficial)

Back 4

-pelvic diaphragm=levator ani + coccygeus (+urethra+rectum+vagina(females))
-deep perineal pouch
-perineal membrane
-superficial perineal pouch

Front 5

elements of deepest layer of perineum

Back 5

-pelvic diaphragm
-urethra
-vagina (female)
-rectum

Front 6

contents of deep perineal pouch (male)

Back 6

-external urethral sphincter (striated m.)
-deep transverse perineal m. (striated)
-urethra
-dorsal n./a./v. of penis
-pouch covered (superficially) with perineal membrane

Front 7

contents of deep perineal pouch (female)

Back 7

-external urethral sphincter (striated m.)
-compressor urethrae (striated m.)
-urethrovaginal sphincter (smooth m.)
-deep transverse perineal m. (smooth m.)
-urethra
-vagina
-dorsal n./a./v. of clitoris
-pouch covered (superficially) with perineal membrane

Front 8

contents of superficial perineal pouch (male)

Back 8

-origin of most external genitalia
-crura of penis
-bulb of penis
-corpus cavernosum penis
-corpus spongiosum penis
-ischiocavernosus
-bulbospongiosus
-perineal body
-superficial transverse perineal m.

Front 9

corpus cavernosum penis

Back 9

-distal extensions of crura into body of penis
-dorsal to corpus spongiosum

Front 10

corpus spongiosum penis

Back 10

-distal extension of bulb of penis
-below corpus cavernosum
-urethra runs through corpus spongiosum

Front 11

crura of penis

Back 11

-(left/right crus)
-run along ischial ramus
-erectile bodies
-surrounded by ischiocavernosus

Front 12

bulb of penis

Back 12

-root of corpus spongiosum
-runs between crura of penis
-erectile body
-covered by bulbospongiosus

Front 13

contents of superficial perineal pouch (female)

Back 13

-crura of clitoris
-body of clitoris
-bulbs of vagina
-vagina
-great vestibular gland
-ischiocavernosus
-bulbospongiosus
-perineal body
-superficial transverse perineal m.

Front 14

major contents of anal triangle

Back 14

-rectum
-external anal sphincter
-inferior rectal vessels/n.
-pudendal n.
-levator ani
-ischioanal fossae

Front 15

ischioanal fossa

Back 15

-extends laterally from external anal sphincter
-inferior to pelvic diaphragm
-also extends anteriorly towards UG triangle; can be a pathway for the spread of abscess

Front 16

deep postanal space

Back 16

-deep to tendon of external anal sphincter (to sacrum)
-provides communication between the R & L ischioanal fossa

Front 17

major (external) components of penis

Back 17

-root of penis
-body of penis
-glans of penis
-inferior aspect: penile raphe ("ridge), scrota raphe, perineal raphe; all raphe are aligned

Front 18

glans of penis

Back 18

distal termination of corpus spongiosum at end of penis

Front 19

internal components of penis

Back 19

-corpus cavernosa (2)
-deep artery of the penis
-corpus spongiosum
-tunica albuginea (surround corpus cavern/spong)
-spongy urethra
-deep fascia/"buck's fascia"
-dorsal a./v./n. of penis

Front 20

purpose of muscles of superficial perineal pouch

Back 20

-bulbospongiosus
-ischiocavernosus
-superficial transverse perineal m.
-help achieve/maintain erection

Front 21

Innervation for erection

Back 21

-parasympathetic: S2-4 (pudendal n.)
-relaxation of smooth m. of helicine aa.
-dilation/blood flow produces erection

Front 22

Innervation required for emmision/ejaculation

Back 22

-sympathetic: L1-L2

Front 23

external genitalia of femal

Back 23

-mons pubis
-labia majora
-labia minora
-clitoris
-pudendal cleft

Front 24

round ligament of uterus

Back 24

-remnant of gubernaculum
-extends from uterus and terminates in labia majora

Front 25

mons pubis

Back 25

fatty tissue lying over pubic symphysis

Front 26

purpose/location of great vestibular ducts

Back 26

-posterior region of vestibule/posterior-lateral to vaginal opening
-produce mucus during sexual arousal

Front 27

components of clitoris

Back 27

-crura
-angle
-body
-glans

Front 28

innervation of female perineum

Back 28

-ilioinguinal n. (anterior labial)
-dorsal n. of clitoris
-superficial perineal n. (from pudendal n.) (posterior labial)
-perineal branch of posterior cutaneous n. of thigh
-deep perineal n.
-inferior rectal n.

Front 29

common nerve block in female perineum

Back 29

pudendal n. block