Human Body Unit Ii: Regional Anatomy Of Abdomen

Front 1

Contents of RUQ

Back 1

-liver (right lobe)
-gallbladder
-stomach (pylorus)
-duodenum (parts 1-3)
-pancreas (head)
-right suprarenal gland
-right kidney
-right colic (hepatic) flexure
-ascending color (sup. portion)
-transverse colon (right half)

Front 2

Contents of RLQ

Back 2

-cecum
-appendix
-ileum
-ascending colon (inferior portion)
-right ovary
-right uterine tube
-right ureter
-right spermatic cord
-uterus (when enlarged)
-urinary bladder (when englarged)

Front 3

Contents of LUQ

Back 3

-liver (left lobe)
-spleen
-stomach
-jejunum and proximal ileum
-pancreas (body and tail)
-left kidney
-left suprarenal gland
-left colic (splenic) flexure
-transverse colon (left half)
-descending colon (superior portion)

Front 4

Contents of LLQ

Back 4

-sigmoid colon
-descending colon (inferior portion)
-left ovary
-left uterine tube
-left ureter
-left spermatic cord
-uterus (when enlarged)
-urinary bladder (when enlarged)

Front 5

layers of anterolateral abdominal wall (sup-->deep)

Back 5

-skin
-superficial fatty layer (camper fascia)
-scarpa fascia (below umbilicus level)
-external oblique m*
-internal oblique m.*
-transversus abdominus m.*
-transversalis (endoabdominal) fascia
-extraperitoneal fat
*investing fascia covers external aspect of muscle layers

Front 6

contents of rectus sheath

Back 6

-rectus abdominis + pyramidalis mm.
-inferior/superior epigastric aa. & vv.
-thoracoabdominal nerves
-lymphatic vessel

Front 7

Posterior wall of rectus sheath

Back 7

-above arcuate line:
-half of aponeuroses of internal oblique + transv abdominus aponeuroses + transversalis fascia
-below arcuate line:
-only transversalis fascia

Front 8

location of nerves/vessels in anterolateral abdominal wall

Back 8

between internal oblique m. and transversus abdominus

Front 9

linea alba

Back 9

where the aponeuroses (broad, flat tendons) of right and left abdominal muscles meet

Front 10

arcuate line

Back 10

-1/3 distance between umblicus to pubic crest
-marks difference in composition of posterior wall of rectus sheeth
-formed by bottom of aponeuroses of IAO and TA

Front 11

boundaries of inguinal canal

Back 11

-lateral=transversalis fascia
-medial=external oblique
-floor=lacunar ligament, iliopubic tract (thickening of transversus abdominus)
-roof=variation based on location, lat=trans fascia, middle=transv. m./internal oblique, near exit=external oblique
-posterior=internal oblique+transversus abdominus (tendons often fuse), transverse fascia

Front 12

deep inguinal ring

Back 12

-entrance to inguinal canal
-@ transversalis fascia

Front 13

superficial inguinal ring

Back 13

-exit of inguinal canal
-@ aponeurosis of external oblique

Front 14

layers of scrotum (sup-->deep) & ant. abdominal wall derivatives

Back 14

-scrotum (skin)
-dartos (scarpa fascia)
-external spermatic fascia (external oblique)
-cremaster m. (internal oblique)
-internal spermadic fascia (transversalis fascia)
-tunica vaginalis (peritoneum)

Front 15

indirect inguinal hernia

Back 15

-herniating bowel passes lateral to enter deep inguinal ring
-protrude into spermatic cord

Front 16

deep inguinal hernia

Back 16

-herniating bowel passes medial through peritoneum/trans. fascia in inguinal triangle to enter through superficial inguinal ring
-runs parallel to spermatic cord

Front 17

gubernaculum

Back 17

-responsible for formation of inguinal canal/descent of gonads
-in females: helps anchor uterus/ovaries to abdominal wall
-in females: vestigial reminants=round ligament of uterus, ovarian ligament
-in males: aids in descent of testis, very small vestige

Front 18

lesser sac approximate boundaries

Back 18

-posterior to liver
-between pancreas (post.) and stomach (ant.)
-ends ant. to transverse colon

Front 19

greater sac approximate boundaries

Back 19

-inferior to inf. border of liver
-runs anterior to stomach/greater omentum
-surrounds small intestines

Front 20

greater omentum

Back 20

-forms from folding of peritoneum
-extends down/anterior from greater curvature of stomach

Front 21

lesser omentum

Back 21

-extends from medial edge of liver to lesser curvature of stomach
-made of hepatoduodenal ligament and hepatogastric ligament

Front 22

intraperitoneal structures

Back 22

-covered w/visceral peritoneum
-contained w/in parietal peritoneum
-e.g. stomach, spleen

Front 23

retroperitoneal

Back 23

-primarily: external to peritoneal cavity, e.g. kidney
-secondarily: begin intra then become retroperitoneal; covered in visceral peritoneum; e.g. descending colon

Front 24

portal triad

Back 24

-contained w/in hepatoduodenal ligament
-structures (anterior-->posterior):
-bile duct
-proper hepatic artery
-hepatic portal vein

Front 25

lobes of liver

Back 25

-right(larger) vs. left lobe
-caudate lobe (more superior) vs. quadrate lobe

Front 26

Portions of stomach

Back 26

-esophagus-->cardia (entrance to stomach)
-fundus (superior edge)
-greater curvature
-pylorus (exit of stomach)
-->duodenum (beginging of small intenstine)

Front 27

Regions of small intenstine

Back 27

duodenum (4 parts)-->jejunum-->ileum-->cecum (large intenstine)

Front 28

Regions of large intestine

Back 28

-cecum (w/appendix)
-ascending colon
-transverse colon
-descending colon
-sigmoid colon
-rectum

Front 29

retroperitoneal structures

Back 29

SAD PUCKER (retroperitoneal structures):
Suprarenal glands
Aorta & IVC
Duodenum (half)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending & descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus (anterior & left covered)
Rectum

Front 30

umbilical folds

Back 30

IOU:
From lateral to medial:
lateral umbilical ligament: Inferior epigastric vessels
medial unbilical ligament: Obliterated umbilical artery
median umbilical ligament: Urachus

Front 31

Borders of Hasselbach's triangle

Back 31

-medial: rectus abdominis
-lateral: inferior epigastric artery
-inferior: inguinal ligament

Front 32

Ligaments of the Liver

Back 32

-coronary ligament (upper right portion)
-left triangular ligament
-falciform ligament (anterior aspect)
-round ligament (inferior-middle)

Front 33

Major division of anal canal/differences above and below

Back 33

-pectinate line
-above: visceral motor/sensory innervation and lymph drains to internal iliac lymph nodes
-below: somatic motor/sensory innervation and lymph drains to superificial inguinal nodes

Front 34

paracolic gutters

Back 34

-R & L paracolic gutters
-between colon and abdominal wall
-clinically important b/c allow passage of infectious fluids, etc.

Front 35

important aspects of colon

Back 35

-haustra: curved projections caused by cinching by tenia coli
-tenia coli: longitudinal smooth muscle running along colon
-omental appendices: fatty projects extending off colon