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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Primary tissues types |
Epithelia, Connective, Muscle, Neural tissue |
there are 4 |
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Epithelia |
Layers of cells that cover surfaces and line up internal passageways and body cavities |
It's a type of primary tissue |
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Connective |
internal space fillers, provide structural support, framework for communication and store of energy. |
It's a type of primary tissue |
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Muscle |
ability to contract and produce active movement |
a type of primary tissue |
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Neural tissue |
analyzes and conducts information from one part of the body to another by electrical impulses |
a type of primary tissue |
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histology |
study of tissues |
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Epithelia characteristics |
*Acts as a barrier *Has free surface exposed to environment- a passageway *Attaches to underlying connective tissues at the basement membranes |
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avascular |
Must obtain nutrients from deeper lying tissues or exposed surfaces |
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Epithelial functions: |
*provide protection *controls permeability *provides sensation-detechrs change in environment *producing specialised secretions (gland cells) |
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gland cells |
Classified according to discharge location |
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exocrine |
secretions that are discharged onto the surface of the skin |
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Endocrine |
Secretions released into surrounding tissues and blood What does it do? *coordinate activities of other tissue, organs, and organ systems |
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Hormones are produced by what organ(s)? |
pancreas, thyroid and pituitary |
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Epithelia have what on exposed surfaces |
microvilli |
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where are microvilli in the epithelia surface? what do they do? |
*portions of the digestive and urinary tract *increase surface area |
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Some epithelia have what? |
Cilia |
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What does cilia do? |
more materials across a surface. EX: mucus moment in the repertory tract away from lungs and towards the troat |
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Basement Membranes (definition, *what are they, and * what do they do) |
lies between the epithelium and underlying connective tissues *net work of proteins *Acts as barrier restrictions movement of protein s and other large molecules |
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Epithelial cell renewal and repair |
these cells must divide quickly due to exposure to harsh environments ie, skin |
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Stem cells |
cells that continually divide *found next to basement membranes *unspecialized *important for cloning individual orhans, tissues or whole orhanisms |
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two types of layering: what are they like? |
*simple- only a single layer of cells covering basement membranes *stratified several layers above basement membranes ex. layers of skin |
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3 shapes of cells: describe them |
squamos- squashed -small/flat cuboidal- cube box shape columnar- column shaped |
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example locations to where simple and stratified epithelia are. |
simple- protected areas inside the body, or exchanged surfaces of lungs, absorption of digestive and urinary tract stratified- areas exposed to physical change EX: skin |
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Glandar Epithelia |
epithelia containing gland cells producing exocrine and endocrine secretions |
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exocrine secretions |
onto external or internal surfaces by way of duct |
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endocrine secretions |
released into blood or tissues ex hormones |
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methods of releasing secretions, explain them! |
*merocrine- products released through exocytosis ^most common^ *apocrine- loss of cytoplasm and secretions ^cell survives^ *halocrine- entire cell becomes packed with secretions and bursts ^dies^ |
there are 3 - MAH |
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Types of secretions |
serous glands, mucus glands, mixed glands |
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serous gland |
secrete a watery solution of enzymes |
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Mucous glands |
secrete a thick, slippery mucus |
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mixed glands |
1 or more type of gland |
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Connective tissues |
Deep tissues that are never exposed to the environment outside of the body *underneath basement membranes |
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Connective tissue functions |
*provide support *transport materials - ie blood *storing energy reserves- ie fat cells *defend body- ie wbc |
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Basic components of connective tissue |
*specialized cells *protein fibers *ground substance |
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types of connective tissue |
*Connective tissue proper *Fluid connective tissue *Supporting connective tissue |
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Connective tissues proper |
has many types of cells and fibers surrounded be a thick ground substance |
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Fluid connective tissue |
cells are suspended on a watery ground substance that contains dissolved proteins ex blood and lymph |
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supporting connective tissues |
Not very diverse *have a fibrous defense ground substance and closely packed fibers containing material deposits |
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Connective tissue fiber types and their characteristics |
*Cologne fibers - long straight, strong flexible *Elastic fibers- very elastic because of th e elastin fibers *Reticulated fibers - form thin, interwoven framework in various organs |
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Loose connective tissue characteristics |
*least specialized *layer between skin and muscles *provide padding *considerable amounts of dependent movement |
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Adipose tissue (fatty tissue) |
*Loose connective tissue dominated by fat cells *another source of padding and shock absorption *Acts as a insulating blanket *sties energy |
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adipocytes and their characteristics: |
metabolically active cells *when food is scared they deflate and collapse these cells can form and differentiate from connective tissue and stem cells when the individual eats alot |
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yo-yo diet (fad diets) |
weight loss due to fat cells deflating, as soon as you end diet they reinflate making your weight loss over the week look like a yo yo |
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Defense connective tissue |
fibrous tissue consisting mostly of collagen |
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tendons |
connect muscle to bone |
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ligaments |
connect bone to bone |
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supporting connective tissues |
cartilage and bone - a matrix of numerous fibers |
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cartilage |
firm gel containing embedded fibers |
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chondrocytes |
cells found within the matrix living in small packets called lacunae -lack blood vessels and obtain nutrients and get rid of waste via diffusion |
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perchondrium |
structures that separate cartilage from surrounding tissues |
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types of cartilage and characteristics |
*Hyaline- tough/ flexible *Elastic- contains numerous elastic fibers and is flexible *fibrocartilage- dense interwoven fibers, resist compression or shock ex jumping. (heals poorly due to lack of blood vessles) |
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bone- Osseous tissue |
*contains calcium compounds and flexible collagen fibers *strong and resistant to shattering |
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osteocytes |
bone cells |
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membranes that help form barriers and where they are located |
*mucous membranes- line cavities that communicate with the exterior including digestive, repiratory, and urinary tract *serous membranes- line the sealed, internal cavity of the body *cutaneous- covers the body *synovial- skeletal joint cavities |
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Bersa |
a vicious fluid that acts as a lubricant in packets Bersitis- inflammation of bersa |
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Muscle tissue |
specialized for contraction, long, slender and are usually called muscle fibers |
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types of muscle tissue and characteristics |
*skeletal muscle tissue- large multinucleated fibers *cardiac- found only in the heart smaller than skeletal tissue (only 1 nucleus) *smooth muscle- found only in walls of blood vessles and hallow organs ie: bladder and stomache |
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Neural tissue |
specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses from one part of the body to the other *from head and spinal cord |
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2 types of neural cells |
*neroglia - cells that provide pysicaly support for neural tissue, maintain the chemical composition of tissue fluid and defend the brain from infection *neurons- transmit signals as electrical event |
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tissue repair |
*inflammation -swelling warmth, redness, pain *regeneration- damaged tissues are replaces or repaired to store normal function |
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