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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Primary sex organs
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AKA gonads
testes and ovaries secrete sex hormones |
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Gametes
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sex cells
produced by gonads sperm in male ova in female |
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Accessory reproductive organs
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ducts, glands, external genitalia
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broad ligament
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peritoneal fold over uterus
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How do ovaries produce eggs
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oogenesis
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ovarian follicles
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sac-like structure with an immature egg (oocyte)
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How many primary oocytes doe females have at birth
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a lifetime supply
2 million still 2N (arrested in prophase I) |
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Graafian Follicle
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has a secondary oocyte
still 2N but now in metaphase II |
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Ovulation
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release of the oocyte and surrounding fluid into pelvic cavity
less than 500 per lifetime |
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corpus luteum
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ruptured follicle in ovary (yellow body)
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Uterine Tube
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about 4 inches long
distal end is site of most fertilization |
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ectopic pregnancy
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pregnancy out of the uterine tube
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What moves the oocyte into the uterus?
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peristalsis and beating cilia
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myometrium
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bulky middle layer of interlacing smooth muscle in uterus
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Endometrium
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lining, 2 layers/arteriole types
functional layer basal layer |
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Functional layer
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changes with ovarian hormones
shed during menstruation blood supplied by spiral arteries |
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Basal Layer
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unresponsive to ovarian hormones
forms new functional layer blood supplied by straight arteries |
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Vagina
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epithelial cells release large amounts of glycogen
metabolized by bacteria lowers pH - less bacteria hostile to sperm |
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (3)
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released by the hypothalamus
inhibited by estrogen in childhood stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH |
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leptin
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hormone released from fat stores
if leptin levels are high enough, hypothalamus becomes less sensitive to estrogen |
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What causes the maturation of the ovaries
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FSH and LH
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estrogen
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establishes the adult uterine and ovarian cycles
produced by follicular cells |
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Some effects of estrogen
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promotes growth spurt
causes closure of epiphyseal plates of long bones responsible for sex drive along with DHEA |
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Ovarian Cycle
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14 days for each phase
follicular phase and luteal phase FSH and LH |
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Follicular Phase
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increased GnRH cause release of FSH and LH
FOLLICLES are stimulated to grow follicles secrete estrogen FSH and LH build up in anterior pit. |
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Ovulation
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caused by estrogen reaches a critical level and releasing a sudden surge of LH
follicle wall bulges, thin, and ruptures |
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Luteal Phase
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Ruptured Follicle - corpus luteum
luteum produces est. and progest. which stops the release of FSH and LH |
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corpus luteum
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an endocrine organ
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combination pill
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most common
higher concentration of progesterone and lower estrogen |
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Seasonale
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contains same hormones, but only menstruate 4 times a year
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Depo-provera
Norplant |
a slow release of progesterone-type compound
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John Brown
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abolitionist who tried to start a slave rebellion
violent guerrilla tactics in fighting against the institution of slavery |
abolitionist
guerrilla tactics |
