Human Body Final

Front 1

Which activity represents physiological studies?

Back 1

Drawing blood from laboratory animals to determine their blood sugar levels.

Front 2

Which is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body?

Back 2

Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level.

Front 3

The popliteal region is the:

Back 3

posterior knee area

Front 4

The study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts is called:

Back 4

anatomy

Front 5

Which body system secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth and metabolism?

Back 5

Endocrine System

Front 6

Negative feedback systems:

Back 6

operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced

Front 7

Coxal refers to the hip region, while tarsal refers to the ankle region.

Back 7

true

Front 8

In anatomical position:

Back 8

the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward

Front 9

Which is not a necessary life function:

Back 9

nutrients

Front 10

Which life function term describes "the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in body cell"?

Back 10

Metabolism

Front 11

The arms are lateral to the chest area.

Back 11

True

Front 12

Which is a dorsal body cavity?

Back 12

spinal cavity

Front 13

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system?

Back 13

stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, responce

Front 14

The survival need that is required in order to release energy from foods is:

Back 14

oxygen

Front 15

A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into anterior and posterior parts is called:

Back 15

coronal or frontal

Front 16

Blood clotting and the birthing process are examples of negative feedback.

Back 16

false

Front 17

Which component of a homeostatic control mechanism first detects a change to the body?

Back 17

receptor

Front 18

The nose is superior to the forehead?

Back 18

False

Front 19

If a patient has a problem with her stomach, which abdominopelvic quadrant will you write down in her chart?

Back 19

Left upper quadrant

Front 20

A cross-section is also known as a transverse section.

Back 20

True

Front 21

The ovary is part of which of the following two systems:

Back 21

reproductive and endocrine systems

Front 22

Which is the correct sequence, going from inferior to superior, on the lateral abdominal surface:

Back 22

iliac region, lumbar region, hypochondriac region

Front 23

Regulating blood glucose levels and blood pressure are examples of negative feedback.

Back 23

True

Front 24

Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints are part of which body system?

Back 24

Skeletal

Front 25

The ability to sense changes in one's environment and react to them is termed:

Back 25

Responsiveness

Front 26

Enzymes increase the rates of chemical reactions.

Back 26

True

Front 27

Energy that is directly involved in moving matter is termed:

Back 27

Mechanical energy

Front 28

The chemical symbol for carbon is:

Back 28

C

Front 29

Which of the following is the role of phosphorus:

Back 29

It is present as a salt in combination with calcium in bones and teeth; it is also present in nucleic acids and many proteins, and forms part of the high energy compound ATP

Front 30

The atomic number of an atom reveals the number of:

Back 30

protons in the atomic nucleus

Front 31

Which statement describes gamma radiation?

Back 31

gamma radiation is electromagnetic energy and is harmful to living cells

Front 32

The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the:

Back 32

electrons

Front 33

When sodium reacts with chlorine:

Back 33

sodium donates an electron to chlorine and becomes a positively charged ion

Front 34

Which is a compound?

Back 34

Sodium chloride

Front 35

The joining of nucleotide molecules to form a more complex nucleic acid is an example of:

Back 35

a synthesis reaction

Front 36

When a solution produces equal numbers of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, it is said to be neutral.

Back 36

True

Front 37

Starch and glycogen are both polysaccharides.

Back 37

True

Front 38

Which pH is an example of a base?

Back 38

9.5

Front 39

Keratin and collagen are examples of:

Back 39

proteins

Front 40

The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting aas enzymes are the:

Back 40

proteins

Front 41

vitamin A can be described as:

Back 41

a constituent of orange-pigmented vegetables (carrots) and fruits(tomatoes), and part of the photoreceptor pigment involved in vision

Front 42

Which statement about enzymes is true:

Back 42

They are biological catalysts

Front 43

Which substances is matched with its correct organic group?

Back 43

enzymes-proteins

Front 44

Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of:

Back 44

Glycogen

Front 45

Which statement about ATP is false:

Back 45

its energy is captured in high-energy hydrogen bonds

Front 46

Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy.

Back 46

False

Front 47

Alpha radiation has the least penetrating power; gamma radiation has the most.

Back 47

True

Front 48

Atoms are the smallest particles of a compound that still retain the properties of that compound.

Back 48

False

Front 49

Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body.

Back 49

True

Front 50

What are functions of lipids.

Back 50

provide energy, insulation and cushioning, important building blocks of cell membranes, & help form steroid hormones such as estrogen

Front 51

Which cellular organelle functions as the "powerhouse" of the cell, providing energy?

Back 51

Mitochondria

Front 52

Prophase is the stage of cell division where the chromosomes first appear?

Back 52

True

Front 53

Transcription is the stage in protein synthesis where one strand of DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of a complimentary mRNA molecule.

Back 53

True

Front 54

Stratified epithelium consists of one layer of epithelium cells.

Back 54

False

Front 55

Which cellular structures function in detoxifying harmful substances, such as alcohol?

Back 55

perioxisomes

Front 56

After clot formation, the next step in tissue repair involves:

Back 56

formation of granlation tissue

Front 57

The mitochondria consist of a stack of flattened membraneous sacs associated with swarms of tiny vesicles that are found close to the nucleus.

Back 57

False

Front 58

The movement of materials from an area of higher to lower concentration is termed diffusion.

Back 58

True

Front 59

The tissue that is usually well vasularized and has an extensive intercellular matrix is called:

Back 59

connective tissue

Front 60

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as:

Back 60

endocrine

Front 61

Intercalated discs are found in:

Back 61

cardiac muscle tissue only

Front 62

This epithelium tissue is found in the stomach lining, and helps in absorption and secretion is:

Back 62

Simple columnar

Front 63

A red blood cell placed in pure water would:

Back 63

swell and burst

Front 64

The nucleic acid responsible for bringing the amino acids to the "factory" site for protein formation is the:

Back 64

tRNA

Front 65

Which statement is correct regarding RNA?

Back 65

messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA play a role in protein synthesis

Front 66

Which statement regarding transcription/translation is most correct?

Back 66

The nucleotide sequence in a tRNA anticodon is an exact copy of the DNA triplet that coded for it, except that uracil is substituted for thymine.

Front 67

The coded information that dictates the structure of a protein molecule is a:

Back 67

gene

Front 68

Active and passive transport are similar in that:

Back 68

both require a difference in concentration

Front 69

Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vacuole, which of the following statements best describes what happens:

Back 69

a lysosome combines with the vacuole and digests the enclosed solid materials

Front 70

Which processes require the use of carrier molecules:

Back 70

facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

Front 71

The plasma membrane:

Back 71

regulates the entry and exit of cell materials

Front 72

Bone, adipose and carilage belong to which tissue group:

Back 72

connective

Front 73

Smooth muscle is normally found in:

Back 73

lining hollow organs such as the intestine

Front 74

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the:

Back 74

cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Front 75

During anaphase, chromosomes cluster and align in the center of the cell.

Back 75

False

Front 76

Exocrine glands typically secrete their products into a duct.

Back 76

True

Front 77

Which tissue is incorrectly matched to its appropriate location?

Back 77

Areolar - lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow

Front 78

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is termed exocytosis.

Back 78

False

Front 79

The primary lipids found in the cell membrane are:

Back 79

phospholipids and cholesterol

Front 80

The system of fluid-filled canals coiling and twisting through the cytoplasm is called the:

Back 80

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 81

Which is not a serous membrane:

Back 81

the cutaneous membrane

Front 82

The skin is a:

Back 82

cutaneous membrane

Front 83

Mucous membranes are located:

Back 83

lining the stomach

Front 84

The most external skin region is composed of:

Back 84

stratified squamous epithelium

Front 85

Which layer insulates deeper tissues from extreme temperature changes that occur outside the body:

Back 85

subcutaneous connective tissue

Front 86

What is the correct sequence in layers of the epidermis going from outermost to the innermost layer:

Back 86

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum germinativum

Front 87

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is somewhat protective due to:

Back 87

increased production of melanin that helps to block ultraviolet light

Front 88

What is found in the dermis:

Back 88

pain and touch receptors

Front 89

When the body temperature rises, which of the following takes place?

Back 89

eccrine glands become active

Front 90

The papillary layer of the dermis has structures called:

Back 90

dermal papillae

Front 91

The secretion of sebum is stimulated:

Back 91

by hormones, especially male sex hormones

Front 92

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by:

Back 92

using the "rule of nines"

Front 93

If a person has severe burns, the two most life-threatening concerns are:

Back 93

dehydration and infection

Front 94

The outermost layer of the epidermis is the stratum corneum.

Back 94

True

Front 95

Collagen is found in large amounts in the outermost layer of the epidermal cells of a hair.

Back 95

False

Front 96

The secretions of the eccrine glands are:

Back 96

99% water, sodium chloride, and trace amounts of wastes, lactic acid

Front 97

When an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the vasculature of the skin will dilate so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds and heat will be dissipated.

Back 97

False

Front 98

The major portion of the skin is comprised of the dermis

Back 98

True

Front 99

The thickened, proximal area of the nail is called the nail matrix, and it is responsible for nail growth

Back 99

True

Front 100

Which of the following groups of bones in the human body, categorized according to shape, is correct

Back 100

sternum - flat bones

Front 101

The epiphysis represents the long axis, or shaft, of a long bone.

Back 101

False

Front 102

A completely immovable joint is termed:

Back 102

Synarthrosis

Front 103

The axial skeleton includes all of these except:

Back 103

Tibia

Front 104

Interstitial growth is bone growth in a lengthwise direction.

Back 104

True

Front 105

Which is an example of a synovial joint?

Back 105

Knee joint

Front 106

Which of the following categories of bones is generally cube-shaped:

Back 106

short bone

Front 107

Red bone marrow functions to ________, whereas yellow bone marrow functions to ________.

Back 107

produce cells; store fat tissue

Front 108

The presence of an epiphyseal plate indicates that:

Back 108

bone length is increasing

Front 109

Which of the following is a depression on a bone:

Back 109

fossa

Front 110

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon contains:

Back 110

blood vessels and nerve fibers

Front 111

The small cavities in bone tissue where osteocytes are found are called:

Back 111

lacunae

Front 112

The process of long bone growth is controlled by ________, wheras bone remodeling is controlled by ________.

Back 112

growth hormone and sex hormones; osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Front 113

Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

Back 113

True

Front 114

Ribs numbered 11 and 12 are true ribs because they have no anterior attachments.

Back 114

False

Front 115

Which of the following is NOT one of the major processes controlled by hormones:

Back 115

body coordination

Front 116

Hormone concentrations are USUALLY regulated by:

Back 116

negative feedback mechanisms

Front 117

The type of endocrine stimulus that involves changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients is called:

Back 117

humoral stimulus

Front 118

The pituitary is located:

Back 118

in the "turk's saddle" of the sphenoid bone

Front 119

Tropic hormones:

Back 119

stimulate other endocrine glands

Front 120

Which of the following is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone:

Back 120

antidiuretic hormone

Front 121

The hormone that triggers ovulation of an egg from the female ovary is

Back 121

luteinizing hormone

Front 122

An enlargement of the thyroid is called

Back 122

goiter

Front 123

Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin:

Back 123

stimulation of menstruation

Front 124

Another name for antidiuretic hormone is:

Back 124

vasopressin

Front 125

Which of the following is NOT a thyroid hormone:

Back 125

parathormone (parathyroid hormone)

Front 126

Which of the following is NOT produced by the adrenal cortex:

Back 126

thyroid hormone

Front 127

The glucocorticoids do all of the following except:

Back 127

regulate salt content of the blood