Human Body Chapter 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts and their relationships to one another

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

the study of how the body and it's parts work or function

Front 3

Atoms

Back 3

tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules (such as water, sugar, and protiens)

Front 4

Cells

Back 4

the smallest units of all living things

Front 5

Tissues

Back 5

consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function

Front 6

Organ

Back 6

a structure that is composed of two or more tissue types and performs a specific function of the body

Front 7

Organ System

Back 7

group of organes that cooperate to accomplish a commmon purpose

Front 8

Organism

Back 8

represents the highest level of structural organization, organismal level.

Front 9

Organ Systems

Back 9

Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive

Front 10

Levels of Structural Organization

Back 10

Chemical Level
Cellular Level
Tissue Level
Organ Level
Organ System Level
Organismal Level

Front 11

Integumentary System

Back 11

Forms the external body covering; pretects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes vitamin D; location of the cutaneous receptors; and sweat and oil glands

Front 12

Skeletal System

Back 12

Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals

Front 13

Muscular System

Back 13

Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat

Front 14

Nervous System

Back 14

Fast-acting control stystem of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

Front 15

Endocrine System

Back 15

Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells

Front 16

Cardiovascular System

Back 16

Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps the blood

Front 17

Lymphatic System

Back 17

Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells involved in immunity

Front 18

Respiratory System

Back 18

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs

Front 19

Digestive System

Back 19

Breaks food down into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffsare eliminated as feces

Front 20

Urinary System

Back 20

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood

Front 21

Reproductive System

Back 21

Overall function is production of offspring.

Front 22

Necessary Life Functions

Back 22

Movement
Responsiveness or Irritability
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

Front 23

Survival Needs

Back 23

Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Stable Body Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure must be Appropriate

Front 24

Homeostasis

Back 24

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment

Must be maintained for normal body functioning and to sustain life

Front 25

abdominal

Back 25

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

Front 26

acromial

Back 26

point of shoulder

Front 27

antecubital

Back 27

anterior surface of elbow

Front 28

axillary

Back 28

armpit

Front 29

brachial

Back 29

arm

Front 30

buccal

Back 30

cheek area

Front 31

carpal

Back 31

wrist

Front 32

cervical

Back 32

neck region

Front 33

coxal

Back 33

hip

Front 34

crural

Back 34

leg

Front 35

digital

Back 35

fingers, toes

Front 36

femoral

Back 36

thigh

Front 37

fibular

Back 37

lateral part of the leg

Front 38

inguinal

Back 38

area where thigh meets body trunk; groin

Front 39

nasal

Back 39

nose area

Front 40

oral

Back 40

mouth

Front 41

orbital

Back 41

eye area

Front 42

patellar

Back 42

anterior kneww

Front 43

pelvic

Back 43

area overlying the pelvis anteriorly

Front 44

pubic

Back 44

genital region

Front 45

sternal

Back 45

breastbone area

Front 46

tarsal

Back 46

ankle region

Front 47

thoracic

Back 47

chest

Front 48

umbilical

Back 48

navel

Front 49

calcaneal

Back 49

heel of foot

Front 50

cephalic

Back 50

head

Front 51

deltoid

Back 51

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

Front 52

femoral

Back 52

thigh

Front 53

gluteal

Back 53

buttock

Front 54

lumbar

Back 54

area of back between ribs and hips

Front 55

occipital

Back 55

posterior surface of head

Front 56

olecranal

Back 56

posterior knee area

Front 57

popliteal

Back 57

posterior knee area

Front 58

sacral

Back 58

area between hips

Front 59

scapular

Back 59

shoulder blade region

Front 60

sural

Back 60

the posterior surface of lower leg; the calf

Front 61

vertebral

Back 61

area of spine

Front 62

plantar region

Back 62

sole of foot

Front 63

Superior (Cranial or cephalad)

Back 63

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Front 64

Inferior (Caudal)

Back 64

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Front 65

Anterior (Ventral)

Back 65

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of

Front 66

Posterior (Dorsal)

Back 66

Toward or at the backside of the body; behind

Front 67

Medial

Back 67

Toward or at the midline of the bodyl on the inner side of

Front 68

Lateral

Back 68

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Front 69

Intermediate

Back 69

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure

Front 70

Proximal

Back 70

Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 71

Distal

Back 71

Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Front 72

Superficial (External)

Back 72

Toward or at the body surface

Front 73

Deep (internal)

Back 73

Away from the body surface; more internal

Front 74

sagittal section

Back 74

cut made along the lengthwise plane of the body, dividing the body into left and right parts

Front 75

midsagittal section

Back 75

cut made lengthwise down the plane of the body and left and right parts are equal in size

Front 76

frontal section

Coronal section

Back 76

cut made along a lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Front 77

transverse section

cross section

Back 77

cut made along a horizontal plane dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts

Front 78

Dorsal body cavity

Back 78

Two subdivisions:
Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity

Front 79

Cranial Cavity

Back 79

space inside the bony skull

Front 80

spinal cavity

Back 80

extends from cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column

(Spinal cord, which is a continuation of the brain, is protected by the vertebrae, which surround the spinal cavity)

Front 81

Ventral Body Cavity

Back 81

contains all structures within the chest and abdomen

Front 82

Thoracic Cavity

Back 82

separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by a dome shaped muscle (the diaphragm)

Front 83

mediastinum

Back 83

separates the lungs into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity

Front 84

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 84

cavity inferior to diaphragm
contains the abdominal and the pelvic cavities (which do not actually have a physical divider)

Front 85

abdominal cavity

Back 85

contains the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs

Front 86

pelvic cavity

Back 86

contains the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

Front 87

1:Right Hypochondriac Region; 2:Right Lumbar Region;
3:Right Iliac (Inguinal) Region;
4:Epigastric Region; 5:Unbilical Region; 6:Hypogastric (Pubic) Region;
7:Left Hypochondriac Region; 8:Left Lumbar Region;
9:Left Iliac (Inguinal) Region.

Back 87

Name 9 Regions

Front 88

1:Right Hypochondriac Region; 2:Right Lumbar Region;
3:Right Iliac (Inguinal) Region;
4:Epigastric Region; 5:Unbilical Region; 6:Hypogastric (Pubic) Region;
7:Left Hypochondriac Region; 8:Left Lumbar Region;
9:Left Iliac (Inguinal) Region.

Back 88

Name 9 Regions

Front 89

Name Blank Body Cavities

Back 89

Answer: