Human Biology Lab Final

Front 1

abdominal cavity

Back 1

The space between the visceral and parietal peritoneum.

Front 2

adrenal gland-

Back 2

small elongated lightly colored structures embedded in connective tissue on the medial side of the anterior part of each kidney.

Front 3

allantoic bladder

Back 3

the fetal urinary bladder, called this until after birth and appears as an elongated sac extending posteriorly from the umbilical cord.

Front 4

allantoic duct

Back 4

extends from the urinary bladder into the umbilical cord; it will close at the time of birth.

Front 5

anterior mesenteric artery

Back 5

comes off the aorta a short distance posterior to the celiac. This artery branches extensively and carries blood to the pancreas, small intestine, and the anterior part of the large intestine.

Front 6

Antrum

Back 6

as the growing follicles grow this cavity containing follicular fluid appears.

Front 7

aorta

Back 7

comes off anteriorly just beneath the pulmonary trunk of the left ventricle.

Front 8

brachiocephalic trunk

Back 8

the branch of the aorta on the right side.

Front 9

cardiac region

Back 9

the stomach is attached to the esophagus at this end nearest to the heart.

Front 10

cardiac valve-

Back 10

guards the opening from the esophagus.

Front 11

carotid artery-

Back 11

either of two major arteries of the neck and head; branches from the aorta

Front 12

cecum

Back 12

the large intestine is composed of the blind ending this.

Front 13

Cervix

Back 13

the narrowest part of the vagina.

Front 14

coeliac artery-

Back 14

his large single artery exits the aorta at the anterior end of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm. It subdivides into branches that carry blood to the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and liver.

Front 15

Colon

Back 15

- much more compactly coiled and is located in the left side of the abdominal cavity.

Front 16

common bile duct

Back 16

where the gall bladder unites with ducts from the liver to form this duct that transports bile to the duodenum.

Front 17

corpus luteum

Back 17

After ovulation and the release of the secondary oocyte form the ovary, the antrum collapses and fills with glandular cells, this enlarged region of glandular cells is now called the corpus luteum.

Front 18

Cowper’s gland

Back 18

are narrow elongate glands ( 1cm) located on either side of the urethra near its junction with the penis.

Front 19

Diaphragm

Back 19

separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity and is an arched muscular partition.

Front 20

ductus arteriosus

Back 20

a fetal shortcut connecting the pulmonary trunk to the aorta. (fetal shunts)

Front 21

duodenum

Back 21

about an inch long and receives the pancreatic and common bile ducts.

Front 22

Epdidymis

Back 22

within each teste these tubules unite to form a plexus and then exit as the fine, highly convulted this for sperm storage, curves around one side of the testis and then continues as the vas deferens through the inguinal canal to join the urethra.

Front 23

epiglottis-

Back 23

a flap of cartilage that folds over the glottis.

Front 24

Esophagus

Back 24

a flattened muscular tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach, is attached to the dorsal side of the trachea by connective tissue.

Front 25

external jugular vein

Back 25

These lie lateral and more superficial to the internal jugulars and drain the head and face

Front 26

fundus

Back 26

The main portion of the stomach

Front 27

gall bladder

Back 27

embedded in the posterior surface of the right central lobe of the liver. Need to carefully lift the liver lobe to see it.

Front 28

genital artery and vein-

Back 28

spermatic artery and vein- found in males tiny blood vessels pass through the inguinal canal with the spermatic cord to enter each testis. Ovarian artery and vein- found only in females tiny blood vessels take blood to and from each ovary.

Front 29

glottis

Back 29

the opening to the larynx

Front 30

Graafian follicle

Back 30

The largest follicles and are the mature follicles and each consists of an outer layer of follicle cells surrounding a large antrum.

Front 31

growing follicle

Back 31

Larger follicles containing a single primary oocyte surrounded by many follicle cells

Front 32

hard palate

Back 32

roof of the oral cavity composed of bone.

Front 33

heart-

Back 33

under the lungs and the rib cage.

Front 34

hemiazygous vein

Back 34

this unpaired vein paralles the aorta in the dorsal region of the thoracic cavity. The intercostals veins between the ribs drain into this vein.

Front 35

hepatic portal vein

Back 35

the spleen and digestive tract drain into this and it runs into the liver. This vein carries blood rich and nutrients, especially glucose, absorbed through the wall of the small intestine directly to the liver that can use glucose immediately for energy production or store it as glycogen.

Front 36

hilus

Back 36

The depression on the median side where the renal artery and vein and the ureter join the kidney.

Front 37

ileum

Back 37

compromises the remaining half of the small intestine.

Front 38

iliac artery-

Back 38

the posterior end of the aorta branches into two large these each of which extends into the hindleg.

Front 39

iliac vein

Back 39

lie on top of the iliac arteries and return blood from the hindlegs to the postcava.

Front 40

innominate vein

Back 40

has a right and left branches and the union of them forms the precava vein the internal and external jugular and subclavian veins all drain into them.

Front 41

intercostal artery

Back 41

Any of nine pairs of arteries arising from the thoracic aorta and distributed to the nine lower intercostal spaces, spinal column, spinal cord, and muscles and integument of the back, with anastomoses to the branches of the musculophrenic, internal thoracic, superior epigastric, subcostal, and lumbar arteries; posterior intercostal artery.

Front 42

intercostal vein

Back 42

several veins draining the intercostal spaces of the rib cage

Front 43

internal jugular vein

Back 43

these veins lie next to the carotid arteries near the trachea and drain the brain, larynx, and thyroid gland.

Front 44

interstitial/Leydig cells

Back 44

cell that occurs between the germ cells of the gonads and that may furnish the male sex hormone. Also called Leydig cell

Front 45

kidney

Back 45

separated from the other abdominal organs by the parietal peritoneum are these, one on each side located in depressions in the dorsal body wall.

Front 46

large intestine

Back 46

composed of the blind ending cecum, a tightly coiled colon, which makes up the most of it, and the shorter straight rectum that extends through the pelvic girdle to the anus.

Front 47

larynx

Back 47

opening to the windpipe and has the vocal cords in front of the esophagus.

Front 48

left atrium-

Back 48

thin walled flaplike chamber on the left side of the anterior region of the heart.

Front 49

left subclavian artery-

Back 49

the left branch of the aorta.

Front 50

left ventricle

Back 50

thick walled chamber forms the apex of the heart and the aorta extends from it.

Front 51

liver

Back 51

The largest and most obvious organ in the abdominal cavity is this reddish lobed organ

Front 52

lung-

Back 52

unequally paired larger right lung having 4 lobes and the left lung 2-3 lobes.

Front 53

lymph node

Back 53

- can be distinguished by their smooth shiny appearance. Located next to the salivary glands which are choppy and lobed.

Front 54

nasal cavity

Back 54

above the hard palate and are divided by a nasal septum.

Front 55

Nasopharynx

Back 55

space above the soft palate

Front 56

oral cavity

Back 56

inside the mouth area

Front 57

oropharynx

Back 57

The posterior continuation of the oral cavity below the soft palate. It opens into the esophagus.

Front 58

Ovary

Back 58

either of the two female reproductive organs that produce eggs and in vertebrates also produce sex hormones estrogen and progesterone.

Front 59

oviduct (=Fallopian tube)-

Back 59

at the distal end of the uterine horm the tube becomes much smaller and convulted and is call this. It coils around the ovary and terminates in a wide funnel that bears cilia on its inside surface and contains within it the opening into this.

Front 60

pancreas

Back 60

a diffuse mass of granular-appearing tissue in the mesentery between the stomach and duodenum. Most of it can be seen by moving the small intestine to the pig’s left and using your blunt probe to separate the mesentery that holds it to the bottom of the stomach.

Front 61

parietal vein and arteries-

Back 61

these arteries bring blood to lateral body wall, and the veins drain this region.

Front 62

penis

Back 62

can be felt as a thin, hard cordlike structure by pinching the skin posterior to the urogenital opening

Front 63

postcava

Back 63

comes from the abdominal region and passes through the diaphragm.

Front 64

precava

Back 64

emerges from the space between the first ribs.

Front 65

primary follicle-

Back 65

this layer of follicles surrounds some of the primary oocytes.

Front 66

primary oocyte

Back 66

some of the oogonia enlarge to form this and at this point in oogenesis is stalled in the female until puberty.

Front 67

primary spermatocyte

Back 67

As the male reaches sexual maturity the spermatogonia enlarge to become these.

Front 68

prostate gland

Back 68

is found in adult pigs between the seminal vesicles; however in the fetal it is not fully developed and too small to be seen.

Front 69

pulmonary artery

Back 69

behind the heart the pulmonary trunk divides into these two arteries one to each lung.

Front 70

pulmonary trunk

Back 70

emerges anteriorly from the right ventricle and curves over the anterior end of the heart to the left.

Front 71

pyloric region

Back 71

connects the stomach to small intestine

Front 72

pyloric valve-

Back 72

regulates the release of partly digested food from the stomach to the small intestine.

Front 73

Rectum

Back 73

extends through the pelvic girdle to the anus.

Front 74

renal artery

Back 74

these arteries enter the kidney form the aorta may be more than one in some pigs

Front 75

renal vein

Back 75

these veins exit each kidney and join the postcava may be more than one in some pigs

Front 76

right atrium

Back 76

thin walled flap like chamber on the right side of the anterior region of the heart.

Front 77

right subclavian artery-

Back 77

this artery branches form the brachiocephalic and extends into the right forelimb as it extends into the right forearm its name changes to the brachial artery.

Front 78

right ventricle

Back 78

larger, thick walled chamber on the right side of the heart

Front 79

scrotum

Back 79

testes are located in here.

Front 80

secondary oocyte

Back 80

In spermogenesis when the division of cytoplasm is unequal resulting in one large cell called this.

Front 81

secondary spermatocyte

Back 81

when a primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis 1 it forms 2 of theses.

Front 82

seminal vesicle

Back 82

a pair of small glands located near the entrance of the vasa deferentia on the dorsal side of the urethra here.

Front 83

seminiferous tubule

Back 83

The make up each testis and have 3 layers that contain in the first layer spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, the second layer- secondary spermatocytes and spermatid and the third layer-spermatozoa

Front 84

Sertoli cells-

Back 84

the heads of the spermatozoa may be seen embedded in the cytoplasm of nurse cells called this.

Front 85

small intestine

Back 85

posterior to the stomach on the right side, is the loosely coiled this that is held in place by mesenteries containing an extensive blood supply.

Front 86

soft palate-

Back 86

posterior to the hard palate and has no bone in it.

Front 87

spermatid

Back 87

secondary spermatocytes undergo meisis 2 to form four of these.

Front 88

spermatozoa

Back 88

the male gametes

Front 89

spleen

Back 89

attached to the lateral side of the stomach by a mesentery is this reddish ribbon shaped organ.

Front 90

Stomach

Back 90

located under the left lateral lobe of the liver.

Front 91

subclavian vein-

Back 91

these veins parallel the subclavian arteries and extend from the innominates into each forelimb, they are extremely variable; there may be from one to three vessels with considerable joining between them. It forms the brachial vein when it extends to the arm.

Front 92

submaxillary (=submandibular) salivary gland

Back 92

lies beneath and slightly ventral to the parotid gland. Has a more solid, compact texture than the parotid.

Front 93

Testis

Back 93

develop in the abdominal cavity near the kidney (in the same location as the ovaries in the female)

Front 94

thoracic cavity

Back 94

The chest cavity

Front 95

thymus gland

Back 95

-continues from the head and into the neck.

Front 96

thyroid gland

Back 96

dark and lies against the trachea

Front 97

trachea

Back 97

The wind pipe located in front of the esophagus

Front 98

umbilical artery

Back 98

two reddish arteries next to the fetal urinary bladder in the umbilical cord.

Front 99

umbilical vein

Back 99

the umbilical cord is attached anteriorly to the liver by this.

Front 100

Ureter

Back 100

passes urine from the pelvis to the urinary bladder

Front 101

Urethra

Back 101

at its dorsal end the urinary bladder narrows to form this the excretory canal of the adult animal.

Front 102

urinary bladder

Back 102

in the umbilical cord.

Front 103

urogenital sinus

Back 103

- In the female fetal pigs where the vagina and the urethra become one.

Front 104

Uterus-

Back 104

Y shaped sac like squiggly horn things.

Front 105

Vagina

Back 105

cord on the left side, attaches to the uterus.

Front 106

vas deferens

Back 106

two flattened ducts that lead from the openings of the inguinal canals and cross over the umbilical arteries and ureters. Each one conducts sperm from a testis to the urethra.