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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anything that has mass and occupies space
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Matter
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a pure form of matter that cannot be broken down to a simpler form
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Element
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the smallest unit of any element that still retains the physical and chemical properties of that element
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Atom
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positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom
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Protons
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nuetral particles found in the nucleus of an atom
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Nuetrons
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negatively charged particles found orbiting around the nucleus of an atom
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Electron
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atoms of an element with the same atomic number but a different atomic mass
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Isotope
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a stable association between two or more atoms
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Molecule
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the copacity to do work
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Energy
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stored energy that is not currently doing work
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Potential energy
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energy that is doing work, the energy of motion
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Kinetic energy
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attractive forces that bind atoms together
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Chemical bonds
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a bond formed by the sharing of electrons
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Covalent bond
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an electrically charged atom
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Ion
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a bond formed by attraction of two oppositely charged ions
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Ionic bond
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a weak attractive force between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules containing hydrogen
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Hydrogen bond
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oxygen-containing molecules that have unpaired electrons in their outer shell
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Free radical
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enzymes and nutrients that protect the body from the action of free radicals
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Antioxidant
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a liquid in which other substances dissolve
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Solvent
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a molecule that can give up a hydrogen ion
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Acid
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a molecule that can accept a hydrogen ion
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Base
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a measure of H+ concentration in a solution
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pH scale
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any substance that minimizes changes in the pH of a solution when an acid or a base is added
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Buffer
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a molecule that contains carbon convalently bonded to other elements
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Organic molecule
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a reaction in which small molecules are convalently bonded by the removal of a water molecule
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Dehydration
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a reaction in which macromolecules are broken apart by the assition of a water molecule
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Hydrolysis
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the simplest carbohydrate, consisting of a single sugar unit
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Monosaccharide
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a short string of monosaccharides linked together
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Oligosaccharide
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a long straight or branched chain containing thousands of monosaccharides
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Polysaccharide
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the storage polysaccharide found in animals
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Glycogen
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the storage polysaccharide found in plants
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Starch
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the class of biochemical compounds that contains triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids
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Lipid
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a lipid composed of one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
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Triglyceride
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a chain of hydrocarbons with a terminal carboyzyl group
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Fatty acid
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a lipid that forms an important part of the cell membrane
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Phospholipids
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a polysaccharide used by plants for structural support
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Steroid
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a steroid that forms parts of the cell membrane
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Cholesterol
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single units joined by convalent bonds to form a protein
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Amino acids
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a string of 3-100 amino acids
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Polypeptide
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A chain of more than 100 amino acids
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Protein
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permanent damage to protein sturcture resulting in loss of function
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Denaturation
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a protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
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Enzyme
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nucleic acids
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DNA, RNA
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single units joined by covalent bonds in DNA and/or RNA
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Nucleotides
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a nucleotide that functions as the universal energy source for cells
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ATP
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a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers
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Cellulose
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