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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biology is
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the scientific study of life
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what are the five qualities of life
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Organized
Energy use Maintenance of internal constancy Reproduction, growth, development Evolution |
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saying that life has a hierarchical pattern means what?
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there are Structures within structures
Making up an organism or Making up the entire biosphere |
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Emergent properties
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Interacting components create new, complex functions
Not evident in individual parts Explains structure/function relationship |
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Life requires what?
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A Constant stream of energy is required to maintain organized life
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Energy from the environment is used to what?
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Build new structures
Repair old ones Reproduce |
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a Producer/autotroph does what?
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Extracts energy and nutrients from nonliving environment
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examples of an Producer/autotroph are?
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Plants and some microbes
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A Consumer/heterotroph does what?
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Eats other organisms for nutrients
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examples of an Consumer/heterotrophs are?
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Humans and other animals
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A Decomposer does what?
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Obtain energy from wastes or dead organisms
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examples of an Decomposer are?
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Fungi and many bacteria
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what is homeostasis?
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a state of internal constancy or equilibrium
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Your body must maintain an internal temperature of ?
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37°C (98.6°F)
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what are some examples of your body trying to stay warm?
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Go outside when it’s cold and your body shivers to keep warm
On a cold day, your lips and fingertips may turn blue as blood is diverted from the body surface |
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reproduction occurs in 2 ways, what are they?
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asexually and sexually
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asexual
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organism produces offspring virtually identical to itself
ex: Bacteria, some plants, fungi and animals |
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sexual
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genetic material from 2 individuals unites to form new third individual.
it's widespread among plants, fungi, and animals |
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sexual reproduction has the benefit of?
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tremendous variation
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Some organisms can reproduce either way depending on the conditions, true or false?
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true, organisms can reproduce either way depending on the conditions
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Some organisms seem “_______” suited to their environments. an example of this is?
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perfectly.
an Adder snake, deep-sea hydrothermal microorganisms, hummingbirds |
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an Adaptation is?
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an inherited characteristic or behavior that enables an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in a given environment
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Populations produce more ______ than can survive
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offspring
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Sexual reproduction results in _______ _______
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genetic variability
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what is natural selection?
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enhanced reproductive success of certain individuals from a population based on inherited characteristics
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Evolution is?
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a change in genetic makeup of a population
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a mechanism for evolution is?
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natural selection
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When the environment changes. . . . . .
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different combinations of traits may be better
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who makes up more of the population over time?
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Individuals with the better combinations of genes survive and reproduce
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what is taxonomy?
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Taxonomy is the classification of life, Hierarchical
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___ parts to species name?
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two, ex: Homo sapiens
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The more features 2 organisms share.....
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, the more taxonomic levels they share
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the taxonomic system in order is?
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domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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what is the largest taxonomic category?
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Domain
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what are the three taxonomic domains?
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Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
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what is the domain eukarya?
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all eukaryotic cells have nuclei (houses DNA) and many eukaryotes are multicellular
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what is the domain Bacteria?
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single celled with DNA free in cell (not in a nucleus)
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what is an archaean?
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superficially similar to bacteria in that its a single celled with DNA free in cell (not in a nucleus), but it differs from bacteria
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how many kingdoms is the domain Eukarya divided into?
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4 kingdoms including plants and autotrophs
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fungi and animals are?
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consumers but what they consume is different
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how do scientists study the natural world?
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they use the scientific method
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what is the scientific method?
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a general way of organizing an investigation to consider ideas and evidence in a repeatable way.
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what can an oberservation be?
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May be historical incidents or accidents
May be based on existing knowledge and experimental results Person may make mental connections among previously unrelated observations Like Darwin |
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what is a hypothesis?
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Tentative explanation based on previous knowledge
Must be testable Cannot be proven true with 100% certainty |
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what can be used for data collection?
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experimentation, discovery based investigations like deciphering the dna sequence
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what is analysis?
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analyzing a collection of data to reevaluate the hypothesis.
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what happens in a peer review?
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In peer review other scientists evaluate validity of methods, data, and conclusions
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what can an oberservation be?
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May be historical incidents or accidents
May be based on existing knowledge and experimental results Person may make mental connections among previously unrelated observations Like Darwin |
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what is a hypothesis?
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Tentative explanation based on previous knowledge
Must be testable Cannot be proven true with 100% certainty |
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what can be used for data collection?
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experimentation, discovery based investigations like deciphering the dna sequence
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what is analysis?
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analyzing a collection of data to reevaluate the hypothesis.
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what happens in a peer review?
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In peer review other scientists evaluate validity of methods, data, and conclusions
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what is a sample size?
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number of individuals
Larger number gives more meaningful results |
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what are variables?
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changeable element of an experiment
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what is an independent variable?
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manipulated variable
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what are dependent variables?
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shows response
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what are standardized variables?
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held constant for all subjects
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what is a control?
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provides a basis for comparison to the experimental group
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what is a placebo?
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inert substance resembling treatment given experimental group
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what is a double blind design?
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neither researchers nor participants know who received substance being evaluated until after the data is tabulated
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