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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of lymphatic system |
Lymphatic capillaries absorb excess fluid & return it to bloodstream In sm.intestine, lymph capillaries called lacteals absorb fats in form of lipoprotein & transport them to bloodstream Production, maintenance & distribution of lymphocytes Helps defend body against pathogens |
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Lymph |
Fluid inside lymphatic vessels |
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Right Lymphatic Duct |
Empties lymph into the right subclavian vein |
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Lymphatic Vessels |
Drain excess fluid from the tissues and return it to cardiovascular system |
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Axillary Lymph Nodes |
Located in underarm areas |
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Lymphatic Capillaries |
Slightly larger in diameter than blood capillaries Have unique structure that permits interstitial fluid to flow into them by not out |
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Thoracic Duct |
Empties lymph into the left subclavian vein |
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Inguinal Lymph Nodes |
Located in the groin region Cleanse lymph and alert the immune system to pathogens |
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Red Bone Marrow |
Site for the origin for all types of blood cells |
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Thymus |
Lymphatic tissue where T LYMPHOCYTES mature and learn to tell "self" from "non-self" |
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Spleen |
Cleanses the body of cellular debris and bacteria while resident lymphocytes respond to the presence of antigens |
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What activates T-Lymphocytes? |
Thymosin Hormones |
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Hystamine |
Substance that cause capillaries to dilate |
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Natural Active Immunity |
Get an infection >> body makes Abs>> become immune |
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Tonsils |
Patches of lymphatic tissue
Help to prevent entrance of pathogens by way of mouth and nose |
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Two types of lymph node cells |
Macrophages & Lymphocytes Both can reproduce themselves once they are in a lymph node, but originate in red bone marrow |
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Artificial Active Immunity |
Vaccinated with antigen >>> Body makes Abs >>> Become immune |
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Artificial Passive Immunity |
Abs are injected into you |
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Natural Passive Immunity |
Abs pass from mother to fetus Abs pass from Mother's breastmilk (Colostrum- very important) |
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Where does everything collected on lymph system go? |
Everything collected is pushed toward the heart |
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Inflammatory Response |
-injured tissue cells & mast cells release histamine ...which cause capillaries to dilate & increase blood flow -macrophages phagocytize pathogens&release cytokines ..which stimulate inflammatory response -neutrophils&monocytes squeeze thru capillary wall and phagocytize pathogens -blood clotting walls off capillary and prevents bloods loss |
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Physical and chemical barriers |
1st line of defense
Skin and mucous membranes that line resp. Dig. Repro. And urin. Tracts Perspiration, tears,saliva and oil gland secretions |
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Compliment proteins |
Compliment certain immune responses Ex. During inflammatory response they bind to mast cells to release histamine They join together to form a membrane attack complex which makes holes in bacteria cell walls & plasma membranes which allows fluids to enter until they burst |
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Interferons |
Proteins produced by virus infected cells as a warning to non infected cells. They bind to non infected cells preparing them for possible attack by producing substances that interfere with viral replication |
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Antibody mediated - B Cells |
ACTIVATION: Antigens bind to B Cell Receptors CLONAL EXPANSION: B Cells produce multiple copies of itself with help of cytokines from Helper T Cells.... Mostly into plasma cells or memory cells APOPTOSIS: (programmed cell death) After infection is fought off and passed... Expansion stops and the cells still present "kill themselves" |
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Cell mediated - T Cells |
T Cells directly attack diseased cells and cancer cells T Cells combine with an antigen presented by a macrophage T Cells activate and undergo CLONAL EXPANSION Some become cytotoxic T Cells and others Helper T Cells As illness disappears T Cells become susceptible to apoptosis |
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How do cytotoxic T Cells kill infected cells? |
Cytotoxic T Cells bind to a target cell They punch holes in its membrane with perforin Granzymes enter thru hole and cause the cell to undergo apoptosis |
