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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The average adult has about how many liters of blood inside of their body?
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5
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How much percent does blood contribute to body weight?
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7-8%
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What is blood?
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A connective tissue
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What is the function of blood?
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Carries all substances that must travel throughout the body such as nutrients waste hormones electrolytes and antibodies
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What makes up our blood?
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Plasma
Red Blood Cells Platelets white blood cells |
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What are some characteristics of plasma?
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The yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes nutrients hormones clotting factors and proteins such as antibodies to fight infection
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What is another name for red blood cells?
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Erythroctyes
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What are some characteristics of red blood cells?
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The most abundant cells in our blood; contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our cells
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Where are red blood cells produce?
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In the bone marrow
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What is another name for white blood cells?
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Leukocytes
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What are some characteristics of white blood cells?
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They are apart of the immune system and destroy infectious agents called pathogens
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What is another name for platetes
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thrombocytes
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What are some characteristics of platelets
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these are the clotting factors that are carried in the plasma;
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What happens in the procees of coagulation
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Coagulation is when the platelets in the blood clott together to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood
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What exaclty is in blood plasma
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Plasma is about 90% of water and contains over 100 different chemicals. It also holds 3 important nutrients
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What are the 3 different nutirents that plasma holds
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Albumin
Globulin Fibronogen |
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What does Albumin do
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prevents water from diffusing out into the tissue
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What does Globulin do
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it is different antibodies and proteins that carry lipids iron and copper
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What does fibrinogen do
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this is involved in the forming of blood clots
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Why are erythrocytes and platelets not considered true cells?
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Because the do not undergo mitosis
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What are some characteristics of white blood cells?
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They are apart of the immune system and destroy infectious agents called pathogens
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What is another name for platetes
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thrombocytes
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What are some characteristics of platelets
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these are the clotting factors that are carried in the plasma;
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What happens in the procees of coagulation
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Coagulation is when the platelets in the blood clott together to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood
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What exaclty is in blood plasma
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Plasma is about 90% of water and contains over 100 different chemicals. It also holds 3 important nutrients
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What are the three important proteins found in plasma
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Albumin
Globulin Fibrinogen |
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What does albumin do
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it prevents water from diffusing out into the tissues
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What does globulin do
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the antibodies and proteins that araay lipids iron and copper
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what does fibronigen do
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this involved in the forming of blood clots
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Why are erythrocytes not considered true cells?
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because these components do not undergo mitosis
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Why are white blood cells considered as true cells
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because they have all organelles and they can multiply inthe blood stream
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What are some important functions and facts about red blood cells(erythrocytes)
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• transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
•most numerous component of formed elements •originate in bone marrow and as they mature they expel their organelles before entering the blood stream •contain no nucleus or organelles, instead they are packed with hemoglobin which binds to oxygen |
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What are some importanat facts about leukocytes?
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•fight disease
•travel through the blood to a body region that is infected, exit the blood stream, and enter he site of infection •during time of infection the Wbc count increases •true cells containing organelles •originate in the bone marrow and once matured enter the blood stream |
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What are the two types of White blood cells
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Granulocytes
Arganulocytes |
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What are granulocytes
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Larger than red blood cells
Short lived And are phagocytic |
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What are the three types of granulocytes
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Neurophil
eosinophils basophils |
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What are the characteristics of neurophils
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•Most common, makes up 60% of WBC count
•contain vesicles filled with digestive enzymes specifically designed to destroy the cell walls of bacteria •first line of defense of an inflammatory response •destroy bacteria by phagocytosis or by releasing chemical substances •These chemicals can even cause damage to surrounding tissues |
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What is Pus
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a collection of dead neutrophils,WBC, and bacterial debris
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What are the characteristics of eosinphils
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•account for1-4% of WBC count
•involved in ending allergic reactions by degrading histamine and parasitic infections by exsposing the parasite to digestive enzymes |
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what are the characteristics of basophils
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•most rare of all types,makes up about .05% of WBC count
•release histamine and other chemicals that signal inflammation •present in the later stages of infection |
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What is the characteristic of Arganulocytes?
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cells that do not contain granules of digestive enzymes
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What are the names of the different types of arganulocytes
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Lymphocytes
Monocytes |
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What are the characteristics of lymphoctyes
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•most important type making up about 20-45% of WBC count
•specialize in attacking specific foreign molecules recognized as an antigen •produce antibodies or attack a foreign cell directly by destroying it • |
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What are the two main types of lymphoctyes
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B-lymphocytes
T- lymphocytes |
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What do B lymphoctytes do
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produce antibodies and respond to bacterial cells
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What do T-lymphocytes do
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respond to antigens presented by the membranes of eukaryotic cells. These are the ones responsible for rejection of transplanted tissue. They also destroy self cells that are infected
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What are some characteristics of monocytes
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•Contain a large nucleus that resembles a kidney
•Its cytoplasm may have some granules •these cells travel through the blood stream and transform into macrphages once they enter the tissues |
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What are some other characteristics of platelets
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Contain a large nucleus that resembles a kidney.
Its cytoplasm may have some granules. These cells travel through the blood stream and transform into macrophages once they enter the tissues |
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What is hematopiesis
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Blood cell formation
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After birth where and how many blood cells are created a day
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created in the bone marrow and 1,000 billion blood cells are created a day
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Where is the site of hematopoiesis
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Bone marrow
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In adults where is red bone marrow located
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bones of the axial skeleton and in the epiphysis of the humerus and femur
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At waht ages are red blood marrow replaced by yellow bone marrow
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between the ages of 8 and 18
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What is polynemia
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abnormal excess of RBCs that can be caused by bone marrow cancer. This increases blood viscosity slowing or blocking blood flow. It can be treated by diluting or removing blood.
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What is Anemia
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abnormally low RBCs or low hemoglobin. May be caused by excessive bleeding, iron deficiency, deficiencies in folic acid or B12 vitamin, excessive destruction of RBCs, or abnormal structure of hemoglobin.
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What is Leukemia
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this is a form of cancer that causes an increase production of WBCs. There are several forms of leukemia but in all forms immature WBCs enter the blood stream and also take over the bone marrow crowding out the normal WBCs. Infections and hemorrhaging are the causes of death in patients with leukemia.
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what is Leukopenia
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low WBC count – this is a symptom of AIDS
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what is leukocytosis
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high WBC count – accompanies infections
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What is thrombocytopenia
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abnormally low platelet concentration. Diminished clot formation and internal bleeding
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