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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus |
Egypt 1800 BCE Basic description of organs |
Egypt = E |
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Hippocrates |
"Do No Harm" Father of Modern Medicine First to understand disease and how it could be avoided |
Hippocratic Oath |
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Aristotle |
Father of Modern Scientific Thought Historia animalium (introduction of dissections) |
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Claudius Galen |
Work based off animals only First official treatus of human Anatomy |
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Andreas Vesalius |
Father of Human Anatomy Cerperis Fabrics = 1st HA book |
Worked on body of Jacob Kerrerven |
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Membrane-bound organelles |
Nucleolus, nucleus, rough ER, Golgi, lysosome, mitochondrion, microvilli, vacuole, smooth ER |
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Membranes in cells |
Nuclear envelope, cell membrane |
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Non-membrane bound organelles |
Cytoskeleton, ribosome, centriole |
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Simple squamous epithelium |
One layer, flat Associated with diffusion and osmosis Found in lungs, blood vessels |
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Simple columnar epithelium |
Single layer, tall Found in stomach and intestines Associated with active transport of large particles |
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Simple cuboidal epithelium |
Found in kidneys and liver Associated with active transport One layer, cubed cells |
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
Actually one layer, tall cells Found in urinary bladder |
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Stratified squamous epithelium |
Found in skin, lining of anus Multiple layers, flattened cells Living cells near basal lamina |
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Integumentary system |
- skin and hair - physical protection - thermoregulation - excretes salt and urea |
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skeletal system |
- bones, cartilages & joints - physical protection and support - movement |
a body system |
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muscular system |
- muscles - movement - mineral storage - posture |
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nervous system |
- brain, spinal cord, nerves - rapid communication - detection of environement - regulation of body processes |
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endocrine system |
- endocrine glands - slow communications - regulates growth and development through hormones |
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cardiovascular system |
- heart and blood vessels - transportation of respiratory gases - immune response |
red = oxygenated blue = deoxygenated |
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lymphatic system |
- spleen and lymph vessels - restores body fluids - cleaning blood - protection against foreign cells |
- typically coupled with cardiovascular system |
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respiratory system |
- lungs, trachea - site of gas exchange - acid/base regulation |
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digestive system |
- esophagus, stomach, liver - break down and absorb foods - void wastes |
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excretory system |
- kidney, ureter, urinary bladder - cleans blood - voids nitrogenous wastes - controls water and ion levels |
body system |
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reproductive system |
- testes, ovaries, uterus, penis, vagina - producing gametes - house developing baby |
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zygote |
single fertilized cell |
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cleavage |
conversion of unicellular zygote into a multicellular embryo |
this creates a morula |
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morula |
early group of tightly clustered cells |
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cavitation |
hollowing out of morula to form a hollow sphere of cells |
this forms a blastula |
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blastula |
hollow sphere of cells |
result of cavitation |
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gastrulation |
3 embryonic tissues form from the blastula and become situated in appropriate positions |
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gastrula |
early embryo with 3 germ layers |
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blastocoel |
cavity within blastula |
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archentron |
eventually will form the digestive system; space under blastocoel |
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blastopore |
pore that leads into the archentron, forms one end of the gut |
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standing position |
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prone position |
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supine position (good for orthoscopic hypertension) |
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prostrate position |
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fowler's position (good for cardiac arrest) |
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jackknife position |
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akimbo position |
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lithotomy position |
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sims/fetal position |
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trendelenberg position (prevents syncope and fainting) |
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lateral recumbent |
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dorsal recumbent |
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sebaceous (oil) glands |
- cell contents are spilled by cell autolysis - associated with individual hairs - high lipid content |
"kamikaze" cells |
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apocrine sudiferous (sweat) glands |
- cell contents spilled by exocytosis - low lipid content - found all over body |
produces a fluid that helps cool the body |
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eccrine sudiferous (sweat) glands |
(half-cell secretion) - found in armpits and groid - medium lipid content |
produces a fluid that cools the body but also can make it stink |
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mammary glands: |
- primarily apocrine functions - highly branched - variable lipid content |
found in the breast |
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free nerve endings |
feel pain/heat because they are not encapsulated |
a type of touch receptor |
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meisner's corpuscles |
-responsive to light touch - encapsulated near epidermal/dermal juncture - |
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pacinian corpuscles |
- responsive to deep touch - encapsulated - deep in dermis |
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oblique fracture |
- straight |
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transverse fracture |
- "best case scenario" - perpendicular to long axis |
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greenstick fracture |
- fracture doesn't extend through entire bone - common in developing bone |
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compound fracture |
- pieces out of alignment, protruding thru skin |
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avulsion fracture |
- break occurs at site where ligament or tendon attaches |
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fissure |
- cracked bone - results in need for remodeling |
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comminuted fracture |
- many pieces - bone "shattered" |
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spiral fracture |
- curved, sigmoidal - caused by torsion - worst fracture |
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impacted/compression fracture |
- pieces pushes together -compressive forces - common in vertebrae |
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implantation |
embryo imbeds in uterine lining (inner cell mass faces uterine wall) |
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continuing implantation |
outer trophoblast forms embryonic side of placenta and inner cell mass develops into endoderm as hypoblast and ectoderm as epiblast |
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chorion |
serves as interface between environment and embryo |
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allantoid |
respiration & waste receptacle |
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amnion |
cushions embryo against physical damage and prevents water loss |
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notochord formation |
a scaffold is created for vertebral column; stimulates formation of neural tube days 16-17 |
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neurulation |
two neural folds meet above notochord. Neural crest cells formed and released into embryo days 18 - 22 |
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epidermis |
- derived from ectoderm - formed from epithelium - often forms appendages |
3 - 5 layers most superficial part of integument |
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dermis |
- derived from mesoderm - forms from connective tissues - attaches to underlying muscle |
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hypodermis |
- contains adipose (fat) tissue - also derived from mesoderm |
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stratum corneum |
- uppermost layer of epidermis - cells dead, squamous and loaded with keratin |
you always eat the "corn" kernels, not the core |
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stratum lucidum |
- translucent layer - cells still undergo mitotic division but are slowly dying - squamous cells |
it's translucent |
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stratum granulosum |
opaque layer cells dying and squamous |
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stratum spinosum |
- star shaped cells - start of keratinization (waterproofing) - loaded with lipids (waterproofing) |
star, "spiny" outer surface |
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stratum basale (germinativum) |
- new cells produced by mitotic division - tissue renewal - cells columnar & cuboid |
this layer is closest to basal lamina |
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ABCs of Skin Cancer diagnosis |
A = asymmetry B = border irregularity C = color change D = diameter change over time E = elevation of discoloration |
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second degree burn |
- aka "partial thickness" - blistering - penetrates through epidermis - typical of chemicals |
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first degree burn |
- example: sunburn - aka "superficial" - just the epidermis is harmed |
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third degree burn |
- chunks are missing - can't be felt by the actual burn site because nerves are destroyed - aka "full thickness" |
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osteoporosis |
- low bone mineral density (BMD) - greater risk of breakage |
disease/abnormality of bone common in older people |
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osteomalacia (rickettes) |
- poor calcification of bone or none at all - caused by vitamin D deficiency |
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osteitis fibrosa cystica (OFC) |
- associated w/ unusual parathyroid hormone levels - osteoclast dysfunction (increased activity) - localized & producing brown tumors |
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osteopetrosis |
- aka "marble bone" - high bone mineral density - osteoclast dysfunction (reduced activity): absorbs less bone tissue |
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paget's disease |
- unusual disease of bone - can be viral or genetic - enlarged & misshapen bones |
- "page"(s) can deform easily |
