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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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oophorectomy
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removal of ovaries
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ovaries are anchored by
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1. ovarial ligament to uterus
2. suspensory ligament to pelvic wall 3. mesovarium to broad ligament of uterus |
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parts of the ovary
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-germinal epithelium on surface (misnomer)
-tunica albuginea -stroma (cortex and medulla) -follicles: primary and secondary vesicular ovarian (Graafian), mature or secondary corpus luteum |
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oogonia
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mitotically dividing cells
dissapear before birth primary oocytes secondary oocytes |
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primary oocyte
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present in infant female
remain dormant until puberty about 400,000 at puberty, begin to mature |
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secondary oocyte
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in Graafian follicle
produced just before ovulation by meiotic division of primary oocyte into secondary oocyte and first polar body |
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ovum
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secondary oocyte with zona pellucida and corona radiata
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if fertalized, second meiotic division results in...
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ootid and second polar body
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after ovulation, remaining cells of Graafian follicle become...
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corpus lutuen w either:
c.l. produces progesterone and degenerates after 12-16 days (no conception) becomes small fibrous corpus albicans OR c.l. produces progersterone for 3-4 mos (conception) to keep mother from menstruating |
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fallopian tubes transport what?
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ova from ovaries towards uterus
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parts of fallopian tube
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-infindibulum-funnel shaped open end of each tube, close to ovary and attatched by fimbria
-ampulla -isthmus |
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cillary action in fallopian tube
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cilia on ridges move ova towards uterus
cilia in grooves help sperm move from uterus towards ovum |
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fertalization..when and where?
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within 24 hours after ovulation
usually in upper 1/3 (ampulla) of uterine tube |
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ectopic pregnancies
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-pelvic pregnancy- ovum is fertalized while free in the body cavity
-tubular implantation- early embryo fails to descend into uterus (noramally in 5-6 days) |
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uterus
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site of menstration, implantation of blastocyte, development of embryo and fetus, labor
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morphology and makeup of uterus
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pear shaped
fundus-dome shaped portion body (corpus)- major, tapering, central potion cervix- inferior, narrow portion fornix0recess or indentation around cervix (site of pap smear) |
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cervix
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portion of uterus
internal orofice cervical canal w/ crypts secreting cervical mucus (sperm hide here) external os which opens into vagina |
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endometrium
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inner layer of uterus
-stratum functionalis (functional zone) shed during menstration -stratun basalis permanent, produces new functionalis following menstruation |
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menarche
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beginning of menstruation
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menopause
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cessastion of menstruation
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hystorectomy
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removal of uterus
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what anchors the uterus?
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-folds of peritoneum to pelvic wall
-round ligament and ovarian ligament homologous to 1 gubernaculum -plus ligaments associated with cervix |
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what is the vagina?
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female copulatory organ
recepticle for penis lower portion of birth canal passageway for menstrual flow |
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morphology of vagina
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about 4 inches
rugae and can distend -importand during parturition and coitus |
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hymen
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membrane over introitus (vaginal orifice)
usually perforate, can be inperforate |
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mucosal lining of vagina
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-w. glycogen, which accumulates in cells of vaginal epithelium, metabolized into lactic acid by bacteria
-bacteria produce low pH environment that retards yeast growth -low pH not good for sperm, but cervical secretions and seminal fluids act as buffers |
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vulva/pudendum
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pudendum-term for external genitalia
-mons veneris/mons pubis -prepuce -labia minoria -labia majora |
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mons veneris or mons pubis
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1. adipose tissue covered with pubic hair
2. shock absorber, important during sex |
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prepuce
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located where labia minora join anteriorly
fold of skin superior to clitoris sometimes cut to expose clitoris |
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labia minora
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w/ medial area called vestibule
w/o hair homologous to ventral part of penis fuse posteriorly to form fourchette |
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spisiotomy
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incision made in labia minora during parturition
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labia majora
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female homologue of scrotum
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orifices of paraurethral glands
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AKA-lesser vestibular glands
on each side of urethral orifice secretes fluid similar to prostate gland homologous to prostate gland G-spot |
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orifices of Bartholin's (greater) vestibular glands
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at lower margin of vaginal opening
secrete lubricant homologues of Cowpers glands |
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clitoris
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1 inch long, 1/2 inch diameter
shaft w/ coproa cavernosa and large crura allow enlargement female counterpart of penis shaft does not contain urethra |
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glans clitoris
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female counterpart of glans penis
attatched by threads of erectile tissue homologous to corpus spongiosum in male doesn't contain urethra |
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bulbospongiosus
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circular muscle in vulva
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ishocavernosus
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longitudinal muscle in vulva
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orgasm phases
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normal, excitement, plateau, orgasmic, resolution
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orgasmic phase
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-tenting effect of uterus, fornix flattened
-uterine contractions -orgasmic platform (anterior portion of vaginal barrel w/ decreased diameter) -clitoral contractions -complete vaginal lenghthening |
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parts of the breast
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15-20 lactiferous glands in groups, secrete milk
-each love with lactiferous duct -each duct w/ lactiferous sinus (ampulla) 0each sinus opens to surface of nipple |
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size of breast
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due to amount of adipose tissue, age, pregnancy, ovarian problems
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shape of breast
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Cooper's ligaments can stretch
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areola
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pigmented area around nipple with glands whose secretions protect nipple during breast feeding
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