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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
skeleton
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includes the bones, cartilage, ligaments, and other connective tissues
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chondroblasts
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cells that produce the matrix of cartilage
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chondrocytes
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chondroblasts that have been secreted into the matrix
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lacunae
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spaces in cartilage
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articulations
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joints
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perichondrium
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dense connective tissue covering hyaline cartilage
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hyaline cartilage
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most abundant, trachea, larynx, articular joint on bones, epiphyseal plates, fetal skeletan, transluscent, no visible collagen fibers
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fibrocartilage
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has an extracellular matrix with thick collagen fibers that help resist tensile and compressional forces, invertebral discs, knee
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elastic cartilage
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highly branched elastic fibers, ear
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interstitial growth
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cartilage growth from within
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appositional growth
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growth along the outside edge, or periphery
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bone (osseous) connective tissue
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primary component of bones
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calcification
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deposition of minerals in bone matrix which makes them hard
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hemopoiesis
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the process of blood cell production
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red bone marrow
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blood cells are produced in this connective tissue located in spongy bone
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yellow bone marrow
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as children get older, the red bone marrow turns into this fatty tissue
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long bones
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upper limb, lower limb
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short bones
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length nearly equal to width, writs and foot bones, kneww
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sesamoid bones
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tiny, seed shaped bones along the tendons of some muscle
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flat bones
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roof of skull, shoulder blades, sternum, ribs
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irregular bones
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vertebrae
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diaphysis
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shaft of long bones
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epiphysis
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knobby region at ends of long bones
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metaphysis
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region in a mature bone sandwiched between the diaphysis and epiphysis
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medullary cavity
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hollow space inside bone
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endosteum
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incomplete cellular membrane that covers all internal surfaces of bone
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periosteum
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tough sheath that covers the outer surface of the bone
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osteoprogenitor cells
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stem cells derived from the mesenchyme, produce another stem cell and a "committed" cell that matures to an osteoblast
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osteoblasts
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cuboidal structure, secrete the initial semisolid form of bone matrix (osteoid)
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osteocytes
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mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts, reside in lucanae
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osteoclasts
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large, multinuclear, phagocytic cells, involved in bone resorption
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osteolysis
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release of the stored calcium and phosphate from the bone matrix
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hydroxyapatite
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crystals that deposit around collagen fibers that lead to hardening of the bone
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trabeculae
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open lattice of narrow plates of bone in spongy bone
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osteon
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cylindrical structure of mature compact bone
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perforating canals, circumferential lamellae, and interstitial lamellae
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see drawing on page 156
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intramembranous ossification
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mesenchyme is the source of bones is in the area of the future dermis, produces flat bones of skull, facial bones, collarbone
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woven bone, or primary bone
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newly formed bone connective tissue that is immature and not well organized
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lamellar bone
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secondary bone, compact and spongy bone form
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nutrient artery and nutrient vein
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supplies the diaphysis of a long bone
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metaphyseal blood vessels
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provide blood supply to the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate, where new bone ossification forms
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periosteal blood vessels
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provide the blood to the superficial osteons within the compact bone at the external edge of the shaft
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molecules that affect bone maintenance and growth
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study table 6.1 on page 164
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classification of bone fractures
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study table 6.2 on page 167
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foramen
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hole or passageway
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condyle
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smooth, oval prominance
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osteopenia
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bones of the skeleton become thinner and wear because of age
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osteoporosis
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a condition characterized by reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function (more in women than in men)
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