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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the primary fuctions of the skin |
Provides protection against harmful substances (including bacteria), retards water, and helps regulate body temperature |
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Define Epidermis |
Outer layer and composed of stratified squamous epithelium. Lacks blood cells. Made of 5 layers. |
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Define Dermis |
Inner layer and thicker than the epidermis. Composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers, smooth muscle, nervous endings and blood vessels. Contains the hair follicles sebceous glands and sweats glands. Beneath the subcutaneous layer |
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What are melanocytes |
In the deepest portion of the epidermis lie the melanocytes producing the dark pigment melanin that provides skin color. Melanin absorbs sunlight preventing mutations |
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What are Pressure Ulcers |
An area of skin that breaks down when something keeps rubbing or pressing against the skin |
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What is Psoriasis |
A chronic skin condition that causes skin cells to grow too quickly, resulting in thick, white, silvery, or red patches of skin |
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What is Acute suburn |
inflammatory response of normal skin after exposure to UV from sunlight or artificial sources. By nature it is a photo toxic reaction. Sunburn is characterized by erythema |
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What is Skin cancer |
The abnormal growth of skin cells. Most often develops on skin exposed to the sun. |
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What is Contact Dermatitis |
A red, itchy rash caused by a substance that comes into contact with your skin |
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What are the layers of the Epidermis |
Outermost being the stratum corneum- dead epidermal cells. The innermost being stratum basale- containing cell for reproducing and growth
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What are the layers of the Dermis |
Contains 2 layers. Dermal papilla layer- forms the basis of friction ridges ( footprints and fingerprints). Reticular Layer- stretch marks |
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Define Subcutaneous Layer |
Below the Dermis. Insulates and conserves body heat. |
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What are the three main methods of delivering medication to the Integumentary system |
Subcutaneaous Injection- beneath the skin Intradermal Injections- within the skin Intramuscular Injection- within the muscle |
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What are Hair Papilla |
Connective Tissue at the deep end of the hair follicle that nourishes the epidermal cells
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What is the Arrector pili muscle |
Muscle attached to each hair follicle and causes hair to stand on end when it contract |
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What are some of the health concerns your nails might indicate
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Blue= Circlitory problem White or Oval= Animia Pigmennt= Melanoma Horizontal Furrows= Malnutrition Extreme Curviture= Damage to heart, lungs, or liver Red streaks= rheumatoid arthritis, ulcers, or hypertension |
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What is a Lunula
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Whitish moon-shaped region at the base of the nail and most active in growing
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What are the Sebaceous Glands |
Sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion called sebum. Acne is a result of too much sebum |
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How do Holocrine gland function |
By releasing their entire cells with secretory products |
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Define Eccrine glands |
Most numerous sweat glands Responds to environmental heat Cause moisture on palms or soles |
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Define Apocrine Glands |
Occur in the groin/pubic, anal & axillary region Bacteria degrade the secretion and produce an unpleasant odor |
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Define Ceruminous Glands |
Found only in the external ear canal Produce ear wax or cerumen Cerumen is waterproof and repels pests |
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What are Mammary Glands |
Milk Producing Glands |
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What are the terms for extreme changes in body tempeture |
When the body is below normal it is Hypothermia ( Heart surgery may be performed in this condition) When it is above normal it is Hyperthermia |
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What is the leading cause of accidental death |
Burns. Usually caused by fires, kitchen spills, excessively hot water, sunlight, ionizing radiation, strong acids & bases, and electrical shocks |
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How can a burn kill me |
Circulatory shock, fluid loss, infection, toxic effect of eschar(Burned dead tissue) |
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What is the "Rule of Nines"? |
The body is divided into areas that are approximately 9%, or multiples of 9% of the total body surface |
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How are burns classified |
According to the depth of the tissue involvement |
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How much damage can a First-degree burn do |
Involves only the epidermis Marked by redness Slight edema Pain Sunburns are an example |
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How much damage can a Second-degree burn do |
Involves the epidermis and part of the dermis Very Painful Examples sunburns and many scalds |
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How much damage can a Third-degree burn do |
Called a full-thickness burn Painless Epidermis, dermis and often deeper tissue are completely destroyed The skin can regenerate only from the edges of the wound Often requires skin grafts |
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What is a Homograft |
Graft from an unrelated person. Cadaver from a skin bank is often used |
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What is a Autograft |
Tissue taken from another location on the same person's body |
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What are the two most important considerations when treating a burn |
Fluid replacement Infection control |
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What are the five classifications of bones |
Long Bones- Longer than wide Short Bones- Broad as long Flat bones- Thin, flattened, usually curved shaped Irregular- Various shapes Sesamoid/round Bones- Small, nodular & embedded with tendons |
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What is the Epiphysis |
The end of the Bone |
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What is the purpose for Epiphyseal disk |
Bone growth in length |
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What is the Diaphysis |
The shaft of the bone |
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What is the Periosteum |
Outer layer of bone and site of bone growth in diameter |
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What is Compact Bone |
Tightly packed tissue found in the wall of the Diaphysis |
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What is Spongy Bone |
Small spaces or cavities found in the epiphysis |
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What is the Medullary Cavity |
Large cavity within the Diaphysis filled with yellow marrow |
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What is the Endosteum |
A membrane that lines the inner surface of the bone |
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What are the chracteristics of Articular Cartilage |
Composed of thin hyaline cartilage Caps each Epiphysis Facilitates joint movement |
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What is Intramembranous |
Bone formation occurring within connective tissue membranes |
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What is Endochondral |
the growth of cartilage followed by the replacement of cartilage by bone |
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What is a Osteoblast |
Bone producing cell |
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What is a Osteocyte |
Mature bone cells derived from osteoblast and maintain healthy bone tissue & regulate clacium |
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What is a Osteoclast |
Enzymatically breakdown bone tissue and involved in healing & remodeling |
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What are the four major factors effecting bone growth |
Nutrition Exposure Hormonal secretions (Secreted by the Pituitary gland increases the production of cartilage cells) (Thyroid hormone stimulates replacement of cartilage) Physical exercise |
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What is the purpose of Vitamin D in the body |
Necessary for proper absorption of calcium from the intestines. Insufficient D causes rickets in children. In adults causes Osteomalacia (soft bones) |
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What is the purpose of Vitamin C in the body |
Necessary for collagen (protein fibers) synthesis by osteoblasts. Lack of C may inhibit bone development. In children and adults, a deficiency in C can cause Scurvy- your teeth fall out |
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What are the major functions of the bones |
Provides support for the weight of the body Protection for the brain by the skull Movement- Skeletal muscle contraction causes bone to move Formation of blood cells in red marrow |
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What are the functions of Red Marrow |
Formations of Red (Erythrocytes) & white blood (Leukocytes) cells and Platelets |
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What is the function of Yellow Marrow |
Stores fat and minerals |
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Where is Red Marrow mainly found |
Skull, Ribs, Sternum, Clavicles, Vertebrae, Pelvis |
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Define Condyle |
Rounded Process that articulates with another bone |
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Define Crest |
A narrow ridgelike projection |
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Define Epicondyle |
A projection situated above a condyle |
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Define Facet |
A small nearly flat surface |
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Define Fissure |
A cleft or groove |
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Define Fontanel |
A soft spot in the skull where membrance cover the space between bones |
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Define Foramen |
An opening through a bone that usually serves as a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments |
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Define Fossa |
A relatively deep pit or depression |
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Define Fovea |
A tiny pit or depression |
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Define Head |
An enlargment on the end of a bone |
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Define Linea |
A narrow ridge |
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Define Meatus |
A tubelike passageway within a bone |
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Define Process |
A prominent projection on a bone |
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Define Ramus |
A branch or similar extension |
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Define Sinus |
A cavity within a bone |
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Define Spine |
A thornlike projection |
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Define Suture |
An interlocking line of union between bones |
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Define Trochanter |
A relatively large process |
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Define Tubercle |
A small, knoblike process |
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Define Tuberocity |
A knoblike process usually larger than a tubercle |
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What is the function of the cranium |
Encloses and protects the brain Attachment of muscles Contains air-filled sinuses to reduce weight |
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What are the four sinuses and location |
Frontal (Superior, Anterior) Sphenoid (Inferior, Posterior) Ethmoid (Superior, Anterior) Maxillary (Inferior) |
