Human Anatomy And Physiology Unit 1

Front 1

Activation Energy

Back 1

The amount of energy required to start a reaction.

Front 2

Amino Acid

Back 2

Long chains of organic molecules in proteins.

Front 3

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Back 3

Sweat glands active at puberty, found in areas associated with puberty.

Front 4

Atomic Number

Back 4

The number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Front 5

Atomic Weight

Back 5

The actual Mass of an Atom.

Front 6

ATP

Back 6

Energy

Front 7

Homeostatic Autoregulation

Back 7

The adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis in environments that are often inconsistent, unpredictable, and potentially dangerous.

Front 8

Buffer

Back 8

Compounds that stabilize the pH of a solution by removing or replacing hydrogen ions.

Front 9

Carotene

Back 9

Orange-yellow pigment that normally accumulates in epidermal cells

Front 10

Centrioles

Back 10

Microtubule triplets that form a short cylinder in the centrosome near the nucleus. They organize microtubules in the spindle to move chromosomes during cell division.

Front 11

Cholesterol

Back 11

Helps cells maintain their plasma membranes.

Front 12

Cilia

Back 12

Microtubule doublets that form a cylinder around a central pair at the cell surface. They propel fluids or solids across cell surface.

Front 13

Collagen Fibers

Back 13

Thick, straight or wavy, and often form bundles. They are very strong and resist stretching. Found in Areolar Loose Connective Tissue.

Front 14

Contransport

Back 14

Membrane transfer of a nutrient in company with the movement of an ion. Requires a carrier protein.

Front 15

Covalent Bond

Back 15

A bond between atoms that are sharing electrons.

Front 16

Cytosol

Back 16

Fluid component of cytoplams, also called intracellular fluid; may contain inclusions of insoluble materials.

Front 17

Denaturation

Back 17

A change in tertiary or quaternary structure that makes it nonfunctional.

Front 18

Elastic Fibers

Back 18

Slender, unbranching and very stretchy. They recoil to their original length after stretching or distortion. Found in Areolar Loose Connective Tissue.

Front 19

Electrolytes

Back 19

Soluble, inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct and electrical current in a solution.

Front 20

Endergonic Reaction

Back 20

A reaction that requires more energy to begin the reaction than is released.

Front 21

Endocytosis

Back 21

Formation of vesicles at the cell surface

Front 22

Enzyme

Back 22

Special proteins used to perform most of the complex synthesis and decomposition reactions in the body.

Front 23

Exergonic Reaction

Back 23

Reactions in the body that release energy.

Front 24

Exocytosis

Back 24

A vesicle created inside the cell fuses with plasma membrane and discharges its contents into the extracellular environment.

Front 25

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 25

Passively transporting substances across the plasma membrane.

Front 26

Fatty Acids

Back 26

Long carbon chains with hydrogen atoms attached.

Front 27

Gap Junction

Back 27

Connections between cells that permit electrical coupling

Front 28

Glucose

Back 28

Most important metabolic "fuel" in the body.

Front 29

Glycogen

Back 29

Animal Starch with many side branches consisting of chains of glucose molecules.

Front 30

Histology

Back 30

The study of skin.

Front 31

Homeostasis

Back 31

A relatively Constant internal environment.

Front 32

Hydrogen Bond

Back 32

The weak attractive force between positive and negative charges on a hydrogen bond.

Front 33

Hydrolysis

Back 33

One of the bonds in a complex molecule is broken, and the components of a water molecule are added to the resulting fragments.

Front 34

Hydrophilic

Back 34

Molecules that react readily with water molecules. Water loving.

Front 35

Hydrophobic

Back 35

Molecules that don't react readily with water molecules. Water fearing.

Front 36

Hypotonic

Back 36

Causes osmotic flow into the cell.

Front 37

Hypertonic

Back 37

Osmotic movement of water out of the cell

Front 38

Isotonic

Back 38

A solution that does not cause osmotic flow of water into or out of the cell

Front 39

Ionic Bonds

Back 39

Molecular bond created by the attraction between ions with opposite charges

Front 40

Isomer

Back 40

Molecules with the same types and numbers of atoms but different structures.

Front 41

Isotopes

Back 41

Forms of an element whose atoms contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Front 42

Keratin

Back 42

Tough fibrous protein component of nails, hair, calluses and the general integumentary surface.

Front 43

Kinetic Endergy

Back 43

The energy of motion, energy that can be transferred to another object and perform work.

Front 44

Lysosome

Back 44

Vesicles containing digestive enzymes. Breakdown of organic compounds and damaged organelles or pathogens.

Front 45

Melanin

Back 45

Brown, yellowish brown, or black pigment produced by melanocytes

Front 46

Merocrine Sweat Glands

Back 46

Discharge secretions directly onto the surface of the skin. Actual sweat gland.

Front 47

Metabolism

Back 47

All of the reactions underway in the cells and tissues of the body at any given moment.

Front 48

Microfilaments

Back 48

Smallest of the cytoskeletal elements.

Front 49

Microtubles

Back 49

Largest components of the cytoskeleton.

Front 50

Negative Feedback

Back 50

An effector, activated by the control center, opposes, or negates, the original stimulus.

Front 51

Peptide Bond

Back 51

Bond between amino acids.

Front 52

Peroxisome

Back 52

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes. Breakdown of organic compounds; neutralization of toxic compounds generated in the process.

Front 53

Phagocytosis

Back 53

"Cell eating"

Front 54

Phosopholipids

Back 54

Important membrane lipid whose structure includes both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Front 55

Phospholipid Bilayer

Back 55

Plasma membrane that contains phospholipid molecules that form two layers.

Front 56

Polar Covalent Bond

Back 56

A covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally

Front 57

Potential Energy

Back 57

Stored energy, energy that has the potential to do work.

Front 58

Reticular Fibers

Back 58

Create a complex, three-dimensional supporting network known as the stroma.

Front 59

Saturated Fatty Acids

Back 59

Each carbon atom in the tail has four single covalent bonds.

Front 60

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Back 60

One or more of the single covalent bonds between carbon atoms has been replaced by a double covalent bond.

Front 61

Sebaceous Glands

Back 61

Produce an oily lipid. Lubrication.

Front 62

Serous Membranes

Back 62

Squamous epithelium and the underlying loose connective tissue; the lining of the pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal cavities.

Front 63

Starch

Back 63

Largy polysaccharides formed from glucose molecules

Front 64

Steroids

Back 64

Large lipid molecules that share a distinctive carbon-ring framework.

Front 65

Substrate

Back 65

Participant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

Front 66

Triglycerides

Back 66

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids.

Front 67

Salt

Back 67

An ionic compound consisting of any cation except a hydrogen ion and any anion except a hydroxide ion.