Human Anatomy

Front 1

Anatomy is the study of body's ________________?

Back 1

Structure and Shape

Front 2

Physiology is the study of how a structure _____________?

Back 2

Works and Functions

Front 3

Structure determines what ____________ can occur

Back 3

Functions

Front 4

What are the 6 levels of Organization?

Back 4

1. Chemical Level, consists of atom and molecules

2. Cellular Level, cells are made up of molecules

3. Tissue Level, consists of similar types of cells with a common function

4. Organ Level, organs are made up of 2 or more tissues to perform a function

5. Organ System Level, consists of different organs that closely work together

6. Organismal Level, made of many organ systems

Front 5

Structures and Function of Organ system - Integumentary

Back 5

Skin

Protection, synthesizes vitamin D

Front 6

Structures and Function of Organ system - Skeletal

Back 6

Bones, Cartilages, Joints, Ligaments

Support, framework, storehouse for minerals

Front 7

Structures and Function of Organ system - Muscular

Back 7

Skeletal Muscles

Contract for movement

Front 8

Structures and Function of Organ system - Nervous

Back 8

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Sensory Receptors

Respond to changes in the environment

Front 9

Structures and Function of Organ system - Endocrine

Back 9

Endocrine glands, thyroid, pancreas

Regulates growth and metabolism

Front 10

Structures and Function of Organ system - Circulatory

Back 10

Heart, Blood vessels

Transport blood

Front 11

Structures and Function of Organ system - Lymphatic

Back 11

Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen

Cleanse blood, immunity

Front 12

Structures and Function of Organ system - Respiratory

Back 12

Nasal passage, Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Transport gases

Front 13

Structures and Function of Organ system - Digestive

Back 13

Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus

Digest, absorb nutrients

Front 14

Structures and Function of Organ system - Urinary

Back 14

Kidneys, urethra, and urinary bladder

Front 15

Structures and Function of Organ system - Reproductive

Back 15

Testicles, penis, ovaries, vagina

Front 16

What is responsiveness?

Back 16

Ability to sense changes in the environment and react

Front 17

What is metabolism?

Back 17

The chemical reactions that occur within the body's cells

Front 18

5 basic survival needs for living organisms

Back 18

1. Nutrients

2. Oxygen

3. Water

4. Normal Body Temperature

5. Atmospheric Pressure

Front 19

Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively _____________ internal environment.

Back 19

Stable/Constant

Front 20

What do receptors do?

Back 20

Detect the change of a variable in the body

Front 21

What is an effector?

Back 21

The bodies way of restoring a variable to homeostatic balance

Front 22

What does a negative feedback mechanism do in the body?

Back 22

Once a variable changes the negative feedback mechanism will "pull" it back to the original value

Front 23

What is a positive feedback mechanism do in the body?

Back 23

"Pushes" a variable away from original value

Front 24

Directional terms for Above and Below

Back 24

Superior and Inferior

Front 25

Directional terms for Front and Back

Back 25

Anterior and posterior

Front 26

Directional terms for Away and Toward - midline

Back 26

Lateral and Medial

Front 27

Directional terms for Away and Toward - trunk

Back 27

Proximal and Distal

Front 28

Directional terms for Toward body surface and Toward body core

Back 28

Superficial and Deep

Front 29

Body plane that separates body into Right and Left

Back 29

Midsagittal Plane

Front 30

Body plane that separates body into Front and Back

Back 30

Coronal Plane

Front 31

Body plane that separates body into Top and Bottom

Back 31

Transverse Plane

Front 32

Name the cavity with Brain and Spinal Cord

Back 32

Dorsal

Front 33

Name the cavity with Brain

Back 33

Cranial

Front 34

Name the cavity with Spinal Cord

Back 34

Vertebral

Front 35

Name the cavity with Heart and Lungs

Back 35

Thoracic

Front 36

Name the cavity with Liver, Stomach, and Intestines

Back 36

Abdominal

Front 37

Name the cavity with Urinary Bladder, Rectum, and Female Reproductive Organs

Back 37

Pelvic

Front 38

Name the cavity with all organs of the chest and abdomen

Back 38

Ventral Body

Front 39

Name the cavity with all organs of the abdomen and pelvis

Back 39

Abdominopelvic

Front 40

Chemistry studies the nature of _______________

Back 40

Matter

Front 41

4 forms of energy

Back 41

Chemical, Mechanical, Electrical, Radiant

Front 42

Where is chemical energy stored?

Back 42

In the bonds of chemical substances

Front 43

All energy generates ________________

Back 43

Heat

Front 44

What 4 elements form 96% of the Human body?

Back 44

Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Hydrogen (H)

Front 45

What does the pH of a solution measure?

Back 45

The amount of Hydrogen ions in the solution

Front 46

What is the range of the pH scale?

Back 46

0 to 14

Front 47

What is the pH value of a neutral solution?

Back 47

7

Front 48

What is the pH value of an acidic solution?

Back 48

Less than 7

Front 49

What is the pH value of a basic solution?

Back 49

More than 7

Front 50

What are Carbohydrates?

Back 50

Starches and Sugars

Front 51

What are Proteins?

Back 51

Long chains of Amino Acids. Proteins account for more than half of organic matter in the body

Front 52

What are Lipids?

Back 52

Fatty acids that are insoluble in water. Provide twice as much energy than Carbohydrates

Front 53

What are Nucleic Acids?

Back 53

Largest organic molecules in the body, genes that are in DNA and RNA

Front 54

What are the 4 nitrogen-containing bases in DNA?

Back 54

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

Front 55

How is DNA structured?

Back 55

Double Stranded Helix

A bonds to T

C bonds to G

Front 56

What is ATP?

Back 56

High energy molecule that provides chemical energy usable by all cells in the body.