Human Anatomy

Front 1

Respiratory Zone:

Back 1

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Front 2

Conducting Zone:

Back 2

diaphragm, right & left lung, right & left main, carina of trachea, trachea, larynx, pharnx, nostril, oral cavity, nasal cavity

Front 3

What changes occur when the bronchial tree gets smaller?

Back 3

support structures change & amount of smooth muscle increases

Front 4

4 Respiratory Processes:

Back 4

1) pulmonary ventilation- air moved into and out of lungs
2) external respiration- oxygen diffuses from lungs to blood
3) transport of respiratory gases- oxygen transfered from lungs to tissue cells of the body
4) internal respiration- oxygen diffuses from blood to tissue cells

Front 5

Protective mechanisms of respiratory systems:

Back 5

*mucus and serous glands- sticky mucus traps inspired dust, bacteria, and other debris, while lysozyme attacks and destroys bacteria chemically
*sneeze- contact with irritating particles triggers a sneeze reflex
*air turbulence- swirls the air around forcing the non-gas particles to stick the mucus
*uvula- during swallowing (action that closes off the nasoppharynx and prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

Front 6

Gross Structure of Lungs & Pleural Coverings:

Back 6

Each lung is suspended in their own pleural cavity and rest on muscular diaphragm. Medial surface has hilus where bronchi enter, Based on size\location of heart, lungs differ size\shape. Let smaller with 2 lobes and right with 3. Contains air sacs where oxygen diffuses from air sacs into blood vessels and waste carbon dioxide diffuses from blood vessels into air sacs. each exists in pleural cavity (serous membrane compartment)- prevents friction damage as lungs expand and contract during breathing. Visceral pleura- membrane fused to outer surface of lung; parietal pleura- membrane lines body wall. Between the 2 membranes in the pleural fluid.