Human Anatomy 3 Abdominal Wall

Front 1

peritoneal cavity

Back 1

bursal sac with small amount of lubricating fluid; permits visceral movement associated with digestion to occur freely

Front 2

abdominopelvic cavity

Back 2

abdominal cavity; extends from thoracic diaphragm to pelvic diaphragm

Front 3

pelvic inlet

Back 3

aka superior pelvic aperture; divides pelvic and abdominal cavities

Front 4

what is important in expulsion from lungs, stomach, rectum, urinary bladder, and uterus

Back 4

contraction of diaphragms and anterolateral ab wall

Front 5

what is more likely to rupture.. a full bladder or an empty one?

Back 5

a full bladder from alcohol

Front 6

what are the 2 planes of the abdominal wall

Back 6

midclavicular planes
transumbilical plane

Front 7

midclavicular planes

Back 7

sagittal planes from mid-clavicle to mid-inguinal points

Front 8

transumbilical plane

Back 8

transverse plane passing through the umbilicus and the L3-L4 intervertebral disc

Front 9

there are 2 diaphragms

Back 9

thoracic and pelvic

Front 10

abdominal geography

Back 10

4 quadrants, 3 midlines, flank, and CVA

Front 11

midlines of the ab wall

Back 11

epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric

Front 12

flank is

Back 12

the side of the corpus btw the ribs and pelvis

Front 13

CVA

Back 13

costovertebral angle

Front 14

RUQ

Back 14

liver and gallbladder

Front 15

LUQ

Back 15

spleen

Front 16

RLQ

Back 16

appendix

Front 17

LLQ

Back 17

sigmoid colon

Front 18

epigastric midline

Back 18

celiac: stomach pain

Front 19

umbilical lidline

Back 19

SMA: small bowel pain

Front 20

hypogastric midline

Back 20

IMA: descending and sigmoid colon pain

Front 21

what is aponeurosis?

Back 21

wide sheet of connective tissue

Front 22

anterior abdominal wal (lateral to rectus)

Back 22

cutis, camper's fascia, scarpa's fascia, ext ab oblique, int ab oblique, musculus transversus ab, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fascia, parietal peritoneum

Front 23

3 layers of anterior abdominal wall without muscles yet

Back 23

cutis
fatty layer of superficial fascia (camper's fascia)
deep layer of superficial fascia (scarpa's fascia)

Front 24

3 flat muscles of anterolateral ab wall

Back 24

ext ab oblique muscle
int ab oblique muscle
musculus transversus ab (TA)

Front 25

3 flat muscles of anterolateral ab wall facts

Back 25

fiber direction analogous to intercostal mm
-all attach to iliac crest & pubic crest
-EAO attaches as high as rib 5 but IAO only to rib 10

Front 26

what attaches higher? ext. or int. ab obliques?

Back 26

ext ab obliques attach at rib 5

Front 27

rectus abdominis muscle

Back 27

o: costal cartilages 5-7
i: pubis and symphysis
Innervates T7-T12
rectus sheath, tendinous intersections, arcuate line, linea alba, umbilical ring, musculus pyramidalis

Front 28

rectus sheath

Back 28

continuous with the aponeuroses of the 3 flat abdominal muscles

Front 29

tendinous intersections

Back 29

aka linae transversae
3-4 intermediate tendons

Front 30

arcuate line

Back 30

crescentic caudal end of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath

Front 31

above the arcuate line

Back 31

IAO aponeurosis is cont. with both anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath

Front 32

below the arcuate line

Back 32

transversalis fascia abuts the posterior aspects of the m. rectus abdominis

Front 33

linea alba

Back 33

midline tendinous raphe; wider above the umbilical ring; extends from pubic symphysis to xiphoid process

Front 34

umbilical ring

Back 34

fibrous ring around the umbilicus; layers deep to Scarpa's fascia fuse here

Front 35

musculus pyramidalis

Back 35

enclosed within the split anterior layer of the rectus sheath it passes from the pubis and symphysis to the linea alba

Front 36

what innervates the musculus pyramidalis

Back 36

subcostal n.

Front 37

inguinal canal

Back 37

path for ductus deferens thru ab wall
-carries sperm from testis to ejac. duct
-also transmits testicular vessels and autonomics

Front 38

this picks up additional layers from deep ring to superficial ring

Back 38

spermatic cord

Front 39

where does external spermatic fascia come from?

Back 39

EAO

Front 40

where does cremaster muscles come from?

Back 40

IAO

Front 41

where does internal spermatic fascia come from?

Back 41

transversalis fascia

Front 42

features of inguinal canal

Back 42

deep inguinal ring
superficial inguinal ring
inguinal ligament

Front 43

deep inguinal ring

Back 43

transition in transversalis fascia

Front 44

superficial inguinal ring

Back 44

transition in EAO aponeurosis; superolateral to pubic tubercle

Front 45

inguinal ligament

Back 45

portion of EAO aponeurosis from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

Front 46

internal surface of anterolateral ab wall

Back 46

median umbilical fold
medial umbilical fold
lateral umbilical fold
falciform ligament

Front 47

median umbilical fold

Back 47

contains obliterated urachus; joined apex of fetal bladder to umbilicus

Front 48

medial umbilical fold

Back 48

contains obliterated umbilical artery

Front 49

lateral umbilical fold

Back 49

contains inferior epigastric vessels

Front 50

falciform ligament

Back 50

remnant of ventral mesentery
-contains ligamentum teres hapatis (or round ligament) which contains umbilical vein remnant

Front 51

arteries of anterolateral abdominal wall

Back 51

posterior stem vessel
anterior stem vessel

Front 52

posterior stem vessel

Back 52

antery of ab wall
-10th-11th posterior intercostal aa.
-subcostal a.

Front 53

anterior stem vessel

Back 53

superior epigastric a.
musculophrenic a.
inferior epigastic a: external iliac a.
deep iliac circumflex a: external iliac a

Front 54

veins of the anterolateral ab wall

Back 54

anastomose with paraumbilical vv.

Front 55

lymphatics of anterolateral ab wall

Back 55

superior to transumbilical plane
inferior to transumbilical plane

Front 56

superior to transumbilical plane lymphatics

Back 56

drain to pectoral nodes (base of axilla)

Front 57

inferior to transumbilical plane

Back 57

drain to superficial inguinal nodes

Front 58

which spinal nerves contribute to the innervation of the ab wall?

Back 58

? anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of T7-L1 ?

Front 59

inguinal nerves

Back 59

iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
genital branch of genitofemoral n

Front 60

iliohypogastric

Back 60

T12-L1; terminates as cutaneous branches to skin above inguinal lig. and lateral gluteal region; innervates skin over superficial ring

Front 61

ilioinguinal n.

Back 61

(t12) L1; enters inguinal canal and terminates as anterior scrotal n. to skin of anterior scrotum and adjacent thigh

Front 62

genital branch of genitofemoral n

Back 62

L1-L2; enters inguinal canal to supply cremaster muscle, skin of scrotum, and adjacent skin of thigh

Front 63

T10 is

Back 63

umbilical ring

Front 64

t4

Back 64

nipple level

Front 65

what are the major arteries of the rectus abdominis muscle?

Back 65

superior epigastric a.
inferior epigastric a.

Front 66

what are the parent arteries of the superior and inferior epigastric aa.?

Back 66

?

Front 67

what are the muscles of the posterior ab wall?

Back 67

psoas major
iliacus
quadratus lumborum

Front 68

psoas major

Back 68

o: sides of T12-L5
i: lesser trochanter
I: anterior branches of L2-4

Front 69

iliacus

Back 69

o: iliac fossa and sacral ala
i: lesser trochanter
I: femoral n. (L2-4)

Front 70

quadratus lumborum

Back 70

o: 12th rib & lumbar transverse processes
i: iliolumbar lig. and internal lip of iliac crest
I: anterior branches of T12-L4

Front 71

diaphragm

Back 71

central tendon has 3 parts
-sternal
-costal
-lumbar

Front 72

central tendon

Back 72

trifoliate; fused to pericardium above

Front 73

sternal part of diaphragm

Back 73

attachment to xiphoid

Front 74

costal part of diaphragm

Back 74

attachment to ribs or costal cartilage 7-12

Front 75

lumbar part of diaphragm

Back 75

right crus
left crus
median arcuate lig.
medial arcuate lig
lateral arcuate lig

Front 76

median arcuate ligament

Back 76

connects crura of diaphragm

Front 77

medial arcuate ligament

Back 77

thickening in fascia over psoas major; sympathetic trunks pass deep here

Front 78

lateral arcuate ligament

Back 78

thickening in fascia over quadratus lumborum

Front 79

diaphragm transmission

Back 79

aortic hiatus
esophageal hiatus
foramen for the ivc
sternocostal triangle

Front 80

aortic hiatus

Back 80

t12; bounded by crura, median arcuate ligament, & vertebral column, transmits thoracic duct and sometimes azygos/hemiazygos vv.

Front 81

esophageal hiatus

Back 81

t10; transmits vagal trunks

Front 82

foramen for the ivc

Back 82

t8; dilates during inspiration

Front 83

sternocostal triangle

Back 83

transmits superior epigastric vv.

Front 84

when you cough, what happens to the diaphragm

Back 84

it contracts

Front 85

what are the 4 arteries supplying blood flow to diaphragm

Back 85

superior & inferior phrenic aa.
2 branches of internal thoracic a.
-pericardiophrenic & musculophrenic aa.

Front 86

renal fascia

Back 86

encloses suprarenal glands, kidneys, and perinephric fat, prolonged along the ureters, anterior layer is continuous across the midline

Front 87

fatty capsule

Back 87

perinephric fat surrounding kidneys and suprarenal glands, continous with fat of renal sinus

Front 88

fibrous capsule

Back 88

capsule fused to surface of organ

Front 89

which renal v. is longer? l or r

Back 89

left

Front 90

kidneys lie on the

Back 90

posterior ab wall anterior to 11th & 12th ribs; R below L

Front 91

renal hilum

Back 91

entry and exit site of vessels, nerves, and collecting systems (L1 or L2)

Front 92

VAP

Back 92

from anterior to posterior one encounters renal v., renal a., and renal pelvis

Front 93

kidneys consist of these 3 structures

Back 93

column, pyramid, major & minor calyx, and renal pelvis

Front 94

column

Back 94

cortical substance extending toward the hilum

Front 95

pyramid

Back 95

collecting ducts, extends to papilla

Front 96

major and minor calyx (calices)

Back 96

7-13 minor, 2-3 major, G., kalyx, the cup of a flower

Front 97

renal pelvis

Back 97

funnel shaped transition from major calices to ureter

Front 98

ureter

Back 98

from UPJ to UVJ

Front 99

UPJ

Back 99

uretopelvic junction

Front 100

UVJ

Back 100

uretovesical junction

Front 101

ureter runs from

Back 101

anterior to transverse processes of lumbar vertebra

Front 102

ureter crosses

Back 102

external iliac a.

Front 103

ureter has 3 constrictions

Back 103

UPJ, pelvic brim, & UVJ

Front 104

urinary bladder

Back 104

aka vesica urinaria
-detrusor muscle
-neck of bladder
-trigone
-apex
-fundus

Front 105

detrusor muscle of urinary bladder

Back 105

smooth muscle of bladder wall

Front 106

neck of bladder

Back 106

narrowing at internal ostium of urethra

Front 107

trigone

Back 107

triangular region btw ostia of ureters and internal ostium of urethra

Front 108

apex

Back 108

points anterosuperior
-median umbilical ligament

Front 109

median umbilical ligament

Back 109

fibrous cord from apex to umbilicus; urachus remnant

Front 110

fundus of urinary bladder

Back 110

posterior wall (anterior and superior aspect when full*)

Front 111

retropubic space of Retzii

Back 111

space btw bladder and pubis

Front 112

what is the border of the retropubic space of retzii

Back 112

bordered inferiorly by the puboprostatic ligament (pubovesical ligament for XX)

Front 113

suprarenal gland

Back 113

aka adrenal gland
-superomedial to kidneys
-fibrous tissue separation from kidneys
-cortex:
-medullla:

Front 114

cortex of adrenal gland

Back 114

makes corticosteroids, endocrine regulation

Front 115

medulla of adrenal gland

Back 115

makes catacholamines, autonomic regulation

Front 116

pre-aortic plexuses

Back 116

most are located at significant artery branch points
-celiac plexus (solar plexus)
-aorticorenal plexus
-superior mesentric plexus
-inferior mesenteric plexus
-superior hypogastic plexus
-at bifurcation of aorta (aka presacral nerve)
-inferior hypogastric plexus
-adjacent rectum (aka pelvic plexus)

Front 117

lumbar plexus

Back 117

ventral rami of L1-L4
-L4 = nerve furcalis (or "forked" nerve)
-half in lumbar plexus while other half joins L5 to form lumbosacral trunk and participates in sacral plexus

Front 118

named nerves of lumbar plexus

Back 118

iliohypogastric n
ilioinguinal n
genitofemoral n
obturator
femoral
lateral femoral cutaneous

Front 119

what 2 nerves of lumbar plexus are in L2-4

Back 119

obturator and femoral nn.

Front 120

where is the lateral femoral cutaneous n. located

Back 120

L2-3