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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the primary function of the GI system? |
to bring nutrients to the internal environment; allowing extraction from food of necessary components to provide material for growth and energy needs of the body. it also provides a means of excreting waste. |
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over view of the GI system |
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what are the physiological processes of the GI tube? |
Motility, secretion, digestion and absorption. |
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what are the 'outgrowths' of the GI tube? |
these are the accessory organs; Salivary glands, Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder, Appendix. |
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what are the structures of the GI system? |
Oesophagus (25cm) --> stomach --> Small intestine (Duodenum 25cm, Jejunum 2.5m, Ileum 3.5m) --> large intestine (Ascending colon 15cm, Transverse colon 45cm, Descending colon 30cm, Sigmoid colon 45cm) --> rectum (12cm) --> Anal canal (4cm) |
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protection of gut tube is achieved by |
stratified epithelium which is covered in mucous. corrosion is further avoided by serous secretion that acts as a lubricant.
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food is digested by...? |
both mechanical and chemical actions and with the assistance of the accessory organs. |
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absorption is increased by..? |
having a large surface area, vili and microvili, as well as length. |
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Physiological process of motility is achieved by_____ _______. what are the three types? |
muscle contraction. Peristalsis: propulsion, pushes food along. Segmentation: mixing of content. Spincters: control of movement, either permitting or inhibiting. |
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two processes of digestion are...? |
Mechanical (motility, chewing of food) and Chemical (secretion of fluid and enzymes) . |
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how is torsion (twisiting) of GI tube prevented? |
outer surface produces a serous section that acts as a lubricant. |
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absorption of the GI system: |
transport of nutrients from the intestinal lumen to the body. process is aided by motility and secretion. |
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where is the peritoneum? what are the two layers and how big is the potential cavity? what is this potential cavity filled with? |
it has both a visceral and parietal layer, in between there is a potential cavity filled with about 50ml of serous fluid that is secreted from the epithelium. this fluid is moist and slippery and used to reduce friction. |
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what is the Mesentery ? |
this is the double layer of epithelium that wraps around the organ holding it in place (body wall --> organ) has blood vessels, lymphatic tissue and nerves. |
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what is the Omentum? |
a double layer of peritoneal that extends from organ to organ. |
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what is the Retroperitoneal |
everything that sits behind the peritoneum. |
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what are the three main arterial supplies for the GI system |
Celiac trunk, Superior Mesenteric and Inferior Mesenteric. |
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celiac trunk branches into...? |
-Left gastric (stomach ,lower oesophagus, liver). --Splenic (stomach, pancreas, spleen). -Common hepatic (liver, stomach(pyloric), dueodenum, pancreas). |
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superior mesenteric branches into..? |
-Colic arteries (ascending and transverse colon). -Intestinal arteries (ileum, jejunum) -Ileocolic artery (ileum, Cecum, Appendix) |
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inferior messenteric branches into...? |
-Left colic artery( descending colon). -Sigmoid arteries (sigmoid colon). -Superior rectal artery (rectum and anal canal). |
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what is the hepatic portal circulation? |
the venous drainage of the GI system involves two sets of capillaries and veins that are joined to one another by the hepatic portal vein. |
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neural control of the GI system ? |
Enteric nervous system (ENS) is the primary neural control for the GI system. which is modulated by the CNS. |
