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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why Bencoolen was not suitable
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-Bencoolen was on the wrong side of Sumatra, not facing the main trade route on the Straits of Melaka
-Few trading ships wanted to call at Bencoolen because of its out-of-the-way location |
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Why Penang was not suitable
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-Penang lay too far north of the Straits of Melaka
-It could not protect British ships in the Straits of Melaka and could not compete with the Dutch port in Melaka, which was a much more convenient Stopover port -Traders usually did not want to make the long trip to Penang unless they had specific items to sell or buy |
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What is the meaning of free port?
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-This means that traders from nations could trade without needing to pay tariffs on the goods they bought.
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Problems caused by secret societies are.....
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-Crime & Violence
-Opium Houses -Brothels -Gambling Dens -Abuse of Coolies -Females forced into vice |
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Piracy was......
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Pirates attacked man ships coming to Singapore
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Response to pirates
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-Sent gunboats to patrol waters & fight piracy in the 1850s
-Steamships ultimately made the difference as they could outrun the pirates easily. -Piracy ceased to be a threat thereafter. |
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Why Singapore fell to the Japanese?
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1. Pre-war preparations
-Had gathered intelligencde -Surveyed Malaya's coastal areas -Took photographs of roads, railways, military installations 2. Superior planes & use of tanks -Zero fighters were fast -Had control of the air & attacked British troops on land -No match for the zero fighters -Had 150 tanks in contrast to the British who had no tanks 3. Japanese troops were superior -Masters of jungle warfare -Could cope with sunstroke & malaria - High troop morale bedcause believed they were fighting for the glory of Jap emperor - Did not believe in surrender but fighting to the very end. |
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Britain had other commitments in Europe.
They were..... |
-When Jap invaded Singapore in 1941, Britain was fighting Germany all alone in Europe
-Britain preoccupied with German invasion of its shores -Therefore could not afford to send her best resources such as ships, planes pr experienced troops to S'pore. |
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Why were the Chinese treated badly by the Japanese?
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-Had a long history of enmity with Chinese since 1937
-Overseas Chinese in Singapore had boycotted Japanese goods -Contributed funds to China's war with Japan -Returned to China to fight the Japanese |
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Result of Japanese-Chinese differences
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<>Sook Ching
Aim: To identify & eliminate all anti-Japanese elements 1. Chines men between 18 to 50 had to report at a few centers 2. Japanese examined them 3. Hooded/masked informers pointed out men who were supposedly 'anti-Japanese' 4. These men were taken in lorries to Changi & other beaches on the East Coast 5. Shot & bayonetted |
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Why people still suffered?
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-Shortage of food, water and electricity
~Harbour was blocked by shipwrecks & mines that had been laid in the sea by the Japanese ~Docks needed to be repaired & warehouses constructed. All this required time for the British to do -Overcrowding & unhygenic housing conditions ~The war had destroyed many houses, leaving thousands homeless ~Rents were very high & people who could not afford them were forced to live in small, overcrowded cubicles and squatters |
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Why the local people wanted the British to get out of Singapore?
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-The British had failed to defend Singapore during WW2. The local people were convinced that since the British ruled Singapore for a 100 years &yet failed to protect it, they were incompetent.
-Therefore this disillusionment with the British failure to defend Singapore led people to believe that the British should leave. -Many countries formerly under colonial rule gained independence after WW2. This encouraged the local people in Singapore to try to break free from British rule & govern themselves. -Therefore, the local people in Singapore wanted the British to leave because they no longer wanted to be ruled by colonial masters. |
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Which group was opposed to National Service?
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Chinese educated students
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Why were they opposed to National Service?
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-They were not willing to help defend the colonial government. They believed that the British would use them to invade other countries. They were also hostile to the British because they believed that the British had not considered the interests of the Chinese students.
-To conclude, the Chinese students were opposed to NS because they might be used as pawns. |
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Consequences of Anti-NS Riots
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26 injured & 48 arrested
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What is a constitution?
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A constitution is a set of laws which a government follows.
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Why was the Rendel Consitution important?
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It recommended limited self government for Singapore which proposed that certain powers of government be given to local leaders who were elected by the people.
In conclusion, the Rendel Constitution helped to Singapore to make progress to get more local men in government & take charge of internal government. |
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What were the areas of government that would remain under the control of the British as recommended by the Rendel Constitution?
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- Internal Security
- External Defence - External Affairs - Law - Finance |
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The 1959 Elections
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- Our first fully democratic election
- A bigger electorate - Voting was compulsory - Total of 194 candidates from 13 political parties contested |
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The Result of the 1959 Elections
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- PAP won 43 out of 51 seats in the Legislative Assembly
- Lee Kuan Yew became 1st Prime Minister - Yusof Ishak became Yang di - Pertuan Negara (Head of State) |
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First Merdeka Talks 1956
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- Marshall went to London to negotiate for internal self-government.
- Would resign his position if the talks failed. - He also insisted that S'pore should have a say in matters of defence and external affairs. |
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Result of First Merdeka Talks 1956
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- The British, however, were not confident that Marshall could deal with the Communist threat.
- The British were unwilling to grant internal self-government. - The talks failed and on his return, Marshall stepped down as Chief Minister. |
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First Merdeka Talks 1956
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- Marshall went to London with a group of men to negotiate for internal self-government.
- Would resign his position if the talks failed. - He also insisted that S'pore should have a say in matters of defence and external affairs. |
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Result of First Merdeka Talks 1956
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- The British, however, were not confident that Marshall could deal with the Communist threat.
- The British were unwilling to grant internal self-government. - The talks failed and on his return, Marshall stepped down as Chief Minister. |
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Second Merdeka Talks 1957
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- Lim Yew Hock led another group that included members of other parties to London to re-negotiate for internal self-government.
- He was willing to compromise on the issue of internal security as he was aware that the British were still concerned about the Communists. - External matters like foreign affairs and defence would remain with the British. |
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Result of Second Merdeka Talks 1957
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- The proposals made by the Marshall mission of 1956 formed the basis for the talks, which resulted in the November 1958 Constitution being drawn up.
- On his return, Lim Yew Hock announced that S'pore would have internal self-government with elections to be held in May 1959. |
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Why S'pore wanted merger with Malaya?
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1. PAP believed that it would be difficult for S'pore to survive as an independent state
~ S'pore lacked natural resources ~ faced a declining entrepot trade ~ and a growing population which required jobs * Therefore, the PAP believed that Singapore needed a merger with Malaya for economical survival. 2. PAP felt that merger would bring about rapid economic growth. ~ S'pore hoped to set up a COMMON MARKET ~ goods would be bought & sold freely in Malaya without being taxed. Benefits that S'pore would reap: <> increase trade for S'pore, expand industries <> create jobs for growing population in S'pore * Therefore, merger would bring about economic growth which would ensure that our economy would flourish. 3. S'pore hoped to achieve independence from Britain ~ Areas like defence and internal security were still under British control ~ with a merger with Malaya which had been successfully independent since 1957, the British would have the confidence that the stability provided by Malaya would help S'pore in cou |
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Economic reasons that let S'pore leave merger with Malaysia
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1. The common market was not setup.
- Central Government imposed tariffs on S'pore-produced goods exported to other states in Malaysia. - Central government delayed in setting up the common market. 2. S'pore was asked to increase its Revenue contribution to the Federal Government. - from 40% to 60% - PAP government saw this as unfair to S'pore |
