Hst320A - Sp13 - Exam 4 - Lourdes University

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Code Napoleon

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(1804) Revamps French law code and the entire judicial system of France, Restructures of the laws of France, Becomes the prototype of modern law code
Ensures rights such as equality of all men and the safegaurd private property, Guarantees freedom of speech in certain circumstances

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Committee of Public Safety

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(1793) Various committees however the Committee of Public Safety rises to control within the executive branch of the government
This Committee is comprised of 9 men headed by Robespierre, elected by the National Convention
Maximilien Robespierre
Head of the Committee of Public Safety
Believes that saving the nation is above everything else
"Terror is necessary if you save the nation"
Stabilizing our nation is the most important and everyone that believes otherwise should be gotten rid of
Beginnings of totalitarianism
No one will disagree that the nation needs to be saved
With us or against us
Support revolution or against revolution
Beginnings of Totalitarianism 
Opposition is stifled, no one will debate for fear of being considered a traitor

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Communards

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(May 1871) After the removal of canons in Montmarte because of the Treaty of Frankfurt. People riot because they believe France is giving up. These people decide to establish their own government, the Paris Commune (city council). They set fire to the Hotel de Ville (city hall) in Paris. They hold very socialist, communist and Karl Marx ideals. This revolt was put down in 1871, leaders were round up and shot.

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Revolutionary Tribunal

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(1793)
-Judge, jury, and executioner
-Being guilty of breaking even smallest rules, you are brought before them
-Charged with treason
-People are not allowed to defend themselves
-Ask if someone will speak on their behalf
-People don’t speak up because then it involves them too
-If no one speaks, they are found guilty and sent to the guillotine (most of the time)
-Otherwise sent to prison, or takes a long time to get executed
-Guillotine
-Georges Danton is sent to the guillotine for being a threat to Robespierre
-Used by the French government for capital punishment until 1981
-Created by a medical doctor, supposed to be a more humane way of execution
-Body onto the plank, space for head, blade attached to string that you pull, effective
-Began the industrialization of kililng

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Civil Consititution of the Clergy

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(1790) - The National Assembly made the Catholic Church in France a department of state. Nov 2nd 1789 churches property is seized. The clergy will then receive a salary from the government. Rome condemns but not until 1791. The people elect the parish priest and bishops however even Protestants and Jews can vote for the Catholic Priests. Clergy must take an oath to uphold the Constitution written by the Natioanl Assembly but only 6 church officials took the Oath. This divides the nations because pele don't want their religion messed with and pele who did support it, decided to change their mind. Like the American Bill of Rights

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Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

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(late 18th Cen.) - Lines out the rights and responsibilities of the French citizens. This document draws inspiration from Rousseau with the points of: Men are born free with rights, law is the expression of the general will, all citizens have the right to conjure with their representatives in its formation, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly and religion. France will have a division of power that protects the civil liberties of the people but won't interfere in society or the personal lives of the people.

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Levee en Masse

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(Late 18th Cen) - the National Convention passes the Levee en Masee, 300,000 Frenchman were drafted into the National Guarrd and army. This alienated many places in France and angered many citizens.there was growing unrest in France due to the draft and the abolishing of the Monarchy. People uprise against France and the National Convention and an Urban Rural rivalry. This creates a revolt encompassing 2/3 of France.

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Congress of Vienna

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heads of European countries get together and decide what will happen to France after Napoleon's Exile. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand is the French Ambassador who defends France. He was ruthless and unscrupulous, charming and would do all he could to protect France. Final congress settlements give France the borders of 1792, debt of all other countries war debts, Lorraine and Alsace came back. France's economy was not hurt by this and they were easily able to pay back all war debts early. During this, congress squashed all revolution attempts throughout Europe.

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Louis Blanc

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(1848) - sets up National Workshops which guarantees pay even when they the working class doesn't work. This is part of the public programs where specialized industries have workers like roads, sewers ditches, buildings. The working class love this idea, however the middle class hates it. The Provincial Government breaks down the National Workshops and the working class revolt during what is called the June Days.

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June days

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June 23-26, 1848 this was apart of the 1848 Revolution, the working class revolt against the Provisional Government after they decide to shut down the National Workshops when the middle class decides they don't like them. The whole of the working class set to the streets and show the first sign of class warfare. The middle class wins because they can afford to pay. This is also confirming Karl Marx's theory publIshed in 1848, he was in Paris watching this unfold.

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Dreyfus Affair

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1894-1899
Dreyfus army captain, Jewish, someone is handing over French Intel to Germans, Put on trial for espionage, guilty, sent to Devils island.
Emile Zola writes article accusing govt he was a scape goat.
Case opened and pardoned, died.
Late 19th century: saying if Jewish you’re not us, opposes nationalism. Leads to purge of many army officials involved. Little experience ranked army officials.

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Treaty of Eden

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When: 1785
What: France signs a trade treaty with Britain, free trade between England and France.
-This happens during the industrial revolution, hindering France. Bolster French economy because luxury goods will be sold in greater quantities in England
England's goods coming to France flood the French market with their cheap, industrial made products
These cheap products will undercut the French products, Proves to be a disaster for France.

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cahiers de doleance

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With the calling of the Estates General in 1788 the 3rd estate decides that they are France. They held an election of delegates in January of 1789 where they created the cashiers de doleance, which translates to the book of grievances. They made a list of demands (that the vote was by head and not by estate, and that all delegates meet together with no more separation).

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emigres

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• The nobles who flee France during the revolution because they have had enough and want out.
• Also included some amount of catholic clergy
• Include Louis the 16th two brothers also flee and go to England