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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Louis XI
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(1423- 1483) Known as "The Spider" this king wove a web of intrigue, ruthlessness and manipulation. He was notorious for adding new territory to his own land, and succeeded at expanding France's boarders for the first time past the West Frankish kingdom. He is also knowing for his bureaucratic nature with contributions to France such as it's first post.
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Francis I
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(reigned 1515-1547) The first French monarch to sponsor expeditions to the new world. This king was the epitome of a Renaissance King. He helped establish the Concordat of Bologna (1516) with Pope Leo X which gave the king of France power to choose their own bishops and abbots with the Pope's confirmation. He also succeeded at establishing a national treasury, recording records (marriage, birth, death) with the help of parish priests and ensuring that all business must be conducted in French. He is a cosmopolitain and an avid patron of the arts. He also worked at limiting the power of the nobility by selling offices to the highest bidder.
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St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
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On 24 August 1572 Marguerite de Valois and Henry de Bourbons were wed in hopes to create peace between the Catholics and Protestants. During the wedding, however, the intoxicated Catholics killed many of the Protestants within Paris.
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War of the Three Henries
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From 1574-1589 the fate of the crown hung in the hands of three men, Henry III, Henry de Guise, and Henry de Bourbon. Henry III (King of Poland) has Henry de Guise assassinated, however, Henry de Guise, a Catholic, has Henry III assassinated, leaving the crown to Henry de Bourbon. Now known as Henry IV, Bourbon begins the Bourbon Dynasty.
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Philip the Fair
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(1285-1314)
Who: grandson to Louis IX, the first of those to resemble Machiavellian doctrines -Has much more authority that he can defy the church and bring the pope under his control -legalist ideology of a monarch- the will of the sovereign is law -He dissolves the templar knights for money -actively campaigns to get a French man elected as pope, Pope clement V, he moves clement back to France to live protected in Avignon creating a huge crisis for the Christian church |
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Battle of Agincourt
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(1415)
What: battle in the 100 years war Where: in northern France -horrible losses for the French -Henry V marches into France and declares his son Henry VI as king of France and England. -the French still think the rightful heir to the throne is Charles VII of the Valois dynasty -Charles VII has not been crowned because he cannot reach Rheims and has not been anointed by the oil of Clovis |
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Joan of Arc
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(1412-1431 birth/death)
-c. 1428 Charles VII gets wind of a peasant girl who will lead the French army to victory (she has visions) -she does lead the French army to victory against England and she is able to lead Charles VII through English territory to Rheims to be crowned the king of France. -she is later captured by troops from burgundy who is on the side of England, they hand her over to the English. -she was put on trial by the English and eventually burned at the stake. -later canonized a saint |
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Taille
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-the most important direct tax of the pre-Revolutionary monarchy in France. Its unequal distribution, with clergy and nobles exempt, made it one of the hated institutions of the ancien régime.
-imposed during the 100 years war which is 1337-1453 The “tie” is imposed on the peasants for a new standing army. |
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Versailles
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(late 17th cen) during the reign of Louis XIV, Louis created an absolute monarchy which helped breakdown the power of the nobles. At the time it was a hunting lodge, but Louis decided to turn it into a palace, draining the nobles of their money to pay for it and inviting them to live with him, creating the 'best' court in Europe. Within the court Louis was able to control the nobles by their spending on entertainment and by their fashions. The nobles within the court have jobs to do like pulling the bedroom curtain.
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Gallican Articles
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(1681-1682) a meeting of bishops who declare their allegiance to Louis XIV and not the Pope. The pope does not stop the French church and Louis realizes that religion can truly bring together the people of France. Afterwards Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes.
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Mississippi Bubble
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(early 18th cen) the Duc D'Orleans was the regent for Louis XV. He tried to pay off the government debt by selling bonds backed by land in the New World in the Mississippi valley. The area was swamp land, however Duc D'Orleans was lead to believe that their was gold underneath the swamp land by Swedish Investor John Law. The scheme failed after 6 months when people realized that their was no gold, only swamp. Because of this the common people lost the most and they had a mistrust in paper money. Also, this proved that the French were backwards with finances.
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Diplomatic Revolution
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(1756) Once Austria convinced France to side with them, France and Austria sealed their agreement with a marriage alliance. The heir to the throne was Louis XVI and he was betrothed to Maria Theresa's youngest daughter Marie Antoinette.
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Parlements
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(18th cen) This is an outlet for opposition to the King of France. This is considered the judicial branch of the French Government and the highest court in France. A decree would be made by the King and this would register (recognize) the decree and enforce it. They could refuse to register the decree which is called a remonstrance if they feel like the king has overstepped the bounds. Inside of this was the Lit de Justice which was a bench that the King could sit on to intimidate them to register a previously shot down decree
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Encyclopedie
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(18th cen.) this was a compendium of human knowledge of the enlightenment compiled by the philosophes (enlightenment figures)
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Deism
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(18th cen) the enlightenment was a period of unrest and change for France. Many of the figures of the enlightenment believed that religion was just a catalyst for natural law. However this belief system believed that a supreme being existed, a clock maker in a sense, who made the earth and let it go, like a clock maker winds a clock and let's it tick. They do not believe that God intervenes at all in the everyday lives of human existence. They believed that the church only wanted people there for money and that God does not necessarily believe that people need to worship him.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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(18th cen) this man came late in the enlightenment. He believed that the previous men speaking during the enlightenment were full of crap. He wrote a book called the Social Contract which is about the general will of the people. He believed that the general will of the people of is never wrong and that people come together and work together for the common good of the people.
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Edict of Nantes
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(1598)
• Huguenots could freely practice religion and enjoy civil rights in certain cities in France. No religious discrimination in the offices of titles • Problem: creates a state within a state, protestants have more freedom then Catholics in some aspects. • Under Henry IV, he understands France needs peace and stability after religious wars and violence. |
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Cardinal Richelieu
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(1610-1643)
• Henry’s 9 year old son, mother (Marie de Medici) serves in his regent. • Marie is heavily influenced by this man • He is a chief advisor • He is very charming, rude, scrupulous, committed to building up power of monarchy. • Creates the French Intendants and Academic Francaise • He dies five months before Louis XIII and leaves Cardinal Mazarin as heir to his position. |
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Intendant
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• local government to govern different providences of France
• Collects taxes, watches over nobility, extends kings laws over everyone in territory, keeps log and sends it to Paris, owes position to the French throne, not inherited, way of Richelieu to break nobility, will get titles later. • Created by Cardinal Richelieu during his reign as chief advisor during 1610-1643. |
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Academie Francaise
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o Academic Françoise:
• Panel of Scholars (1635) whose job was to regulate and standardized grammar, spelling, literature, and pronunciation. • Centralizes monarchy, 40 members known as immortels, ideal: everyone will speak king’s French, widens peasants and upper class. • Still exists today to purify language. |
