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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the alimentary canal is…
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a continuation of the oral cavity
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the tubular protion of the digestive tract is…
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the alimentary canal
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what happens in the alimentary canal?
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food is churned, liquefied, and digested
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what is absorbed in the alimentary canal?
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nutritional elements and water
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what is eliminated in the alimentary canal?
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indigestible components
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the alimentary canal is subdivided into which morphologically recognized regions?
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esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine
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the stomach is composed of which parts?
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cardiac, fundus, body, pylorus
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the small intestine is composed of which parts?
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duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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the large intestine is composed of which parts?
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cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal, appendix
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what are the 4 tunics or coats of the alimentary canal?
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mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia
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the muscosa can be further divided into which regions?
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epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae
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the lamina propria is composed of…
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loose ct, glands, vascular, lymph nodules
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the muscularis mucosae is composed of…
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an inner circular and outer longitudinal portion
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which of the tunics is composed of irregular, fibroelastic ct?
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submucosa
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which of the tunics is vascular and contain glands in the esophagus and duodenum?
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submucosa
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meissner's submucosal plexus is part of…
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submucosa
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the muscularis externa is composed of…
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an inner circular, an outer longitudinal, and auerbach's plexus
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which of the tunics is thin connective tissue?
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serosa/adventitia
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it is serosa if…
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intraperitoneal
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it is adventitia if…
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retroperitoneal
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what are the 2 sources of enteric innervation?
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autonomic nervous system - sympathetic and parasympathetic; enteric nervous system - meissner's and auerbach's plexi
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what are the functions of meissner's submucosal plexus?
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secretory function, mucosal movement, and regulation of blood flow
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meissner's is attentive to…
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focal local conditions
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what are the functions of auerbach's plexus?
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peristalsis
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auerbach's is attentive to…
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local conditions along the enitre length of the digestive tract
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which autonomic fibers of the ANS stimulate peristalsis?
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parasympathetic
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which autonomic fibers of the ANS inhibit peristalsis?
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sympathetic
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sympathetic fibers of the ANS also…
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activate sphincter muscles
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parasympathetic fibers of the ANS also…
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inhibit sphincter muscles and trigger secretory activity
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the esophageal mucosa is composed of…
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a stratified squamous epithelium with Langerhans cells, fibroelastic lamina propria, and a smooth muscle layer that is longitudinally disposed muscularis mucosae
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the lamina propria of the esophageal mucosa houses…
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esophageal cardiac glands
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the esophageal cardiac glands are loacted in which two regions of the esophagus?
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one cluster near the pharynx and the other near its juncture with the stomach
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the muscularis mucosae consists of…
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only a single layer of longitudinally oriented smooth muscle fibers that become thicker in the vicinity of the stomach
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the submucosa of the esophagus is composed of….
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a dense, fibroelastic ct which houses the esophageal glands proper
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the submucosa of the esophagus contain…
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mucous cells, serous cells, and the submucosal nerve plexus
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mucous cells of the submucosa…
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have basally located, flattened nuclei and apical accumulations of mucus-filled secretory granules
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serous cells of the submucosa…
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have round, centrally placed nuclei and scretory granules
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the secretory granules of serous cells contain..
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the proenzyme pepsinogen and lysozyme
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the muscularis externa and adventitia of the esophagus is composed of what two layers?
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inner circular and outer longitudinal
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the muscularis externa and adventitia of the esophagus is composed of what type of muscle?
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composed of both skeletal and smooth muscle fibers
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the muscularis externa and adventitia of the esopahgus also contains which plexus?
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auerbach's plexus
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the muscularis externa is covered by an adventitia until…
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it pierces the diaphragm after which it is covered by a serosa
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the esopahgus…
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does not have an anatomical sphincter but has two physiologic sphincters
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the two physiologic sphincters of the esophagus are…
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the pharyngoesophageal and the gastroesophageal
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propulsion of bolus is…
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about 50 mm/sec
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what is the most dilated region of the digestive tract?
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the stomach
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where does the stomach empty?
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empties via pyloric valve to the duodenum
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the stomach liquifies food through…
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enzymatic digestion:pepsin, renin, gastric lipase, paracrine hormones
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what are the 4 regions of the stomach?
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cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
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histologically, which 2 regions of the stomach are alike?
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fundus and the body
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what is the stomach internally characterized by?
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folds or rugae
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epthelium invaginates forming…
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gastric pits or foveolae into which 5-7 gastric glands may empty
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the mucosa of the stomach consists of…
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epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa
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the mucosa of the stomach consists of what kind of epithelium?
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simple columnar
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the epithelium of the mucosa of the stomach consists of…
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surface lining cells and regenerative cells
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the lamina propria of the mucosa of the stomach contains…
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glands
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the fundic glands of the stomach consist of what 3 distinct regions?
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isthmus, neck, and base (fundus)
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the fundic glands of the stomach consist of what 6 cell types?
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surface lining, parietal, regenerative, mucous neck, chief (zymogenic), DNDS
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the stomach consists of…
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muscularis mucosae, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia/serosa
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the muscularis mucosae of the stomach consists of what 3 layers?
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inner circular, outer longitudinal, and outermost circular
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which part of the stomach consists of rich vascular and lymphatic networks?
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submucosa of the stomach
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the submucosa of the stomach also consists of…
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ct proper compliment of cell types and meissner's submucosal plexus
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the muscularis externa of the stomach consists of what 3 layers?
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inner oblique, middle circular, outer longitudinal
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how long is the small intestine?
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7 M in length - longest region of the digestive tube
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the small intestine consists of…
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villi, microvilli, 3 regions - duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and the plicae circulares (valves of kerckring)
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the small intestine consists of…
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mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, adventitia/serosa
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the mucosa of the small intestine consists of…
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epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa
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the epithelium (simple columnar) of the mucosa of the small intestine consists of what 6 cell types?
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absorptive, goblet, DNES, regenerative, paneth, and M-cells
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the lamina propria of the mucosa of the small intestine consists of…
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crypts of Lieberkuhn
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the submucosa of the small intestine consists of…
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Brunner's glands in duodenum
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the large intestine consists of what regions?
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caecum, colon, rectum, anus
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the caecum of the large intestine consists of…
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the appendix
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the colon of the large intestine consists of which parts?
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ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
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the large intestine does not have…
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villi and paneth cells
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the large intestine does consists of…
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crypts of Lieberkuhn
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in the large intestine…
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there is an increase in the number of goblet cells although surface absorptive cells are the most numerous
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epthelial turnover in the large intestine is…
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every 6-7 days
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the muscularis externa of the large intestine has…
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an outer longitudinal layer gathered into 3 ribbons called taeniae coli
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what is responsible for the large intestine to pucker forming sacculations called haustra coli?
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the continuous tone of the taeniae coli
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the rectum resembles the colon except that…
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crypts are deeper and fewer in number
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the anal canal is…
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a constricted continuation 3-4 cm long
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in the anal canal, there are no crypts in the…
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distal portion
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the anal canal consists of…
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mucosa thrown into longitudinal folds, the anal columns of Morgagni
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the anal columns of Morgagni…
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help form the anal valves (with intervening sinuses) which assist in supporting the column of feces
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what happens at the anal valves (pectinate line)?
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the epithelium becomes stratified squamous which becomes keratinized at the anus
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what does the lamina propria of the anal canal contain?
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the anal glands and the circumanal glands
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there is no what below the pectinate line?
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no muscularis mucosa
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what does the submucosa of the anal canal contain?
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the internal and external hemorrhoidal plexi
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the muscualris externa becomes the internal anal sphincter at…
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the pectinate line
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skeletal muscle of the floor of the pelvis inserts into the wall of the anal canal to form…
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the external sphincter as it passes through the pelvic diaphragm
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