Hsf: Development Of The Vascular System

Front 1

How does blood develop embryologically?

Back 1

-Blood Cell Formation
-Begins in the Yolk Sac
-Process: Earliest Yolk Sac Blood Vessel Endothelial cell--> Hemangioblast-->Progenitor Cells--> Enter Primitive Blood Stream B4 the Heart begins to beat and are circulating red cells for the 1st 5 wks of development

Front 2

By the 5-6th week of development, hemopoiesis shifts to the developing ______.

Back 2

-Liver

Front 3

By the 6th month of gestation, red cell production is taken over largely by the _____ _____.

Back 3

-Bone Marrow

Front 4

Bone Marrow (Blood)

Back 4

-Site of Adult red cell production
-Under control of cortisol secreted by the fetal adrenal cortex

Front 5

Alternate Place for Red Cell Production (6th month period)

Back 5

-Mesentery and Spleen

Front 6

Intraembryonic Mesoderm

Back 6

-Concurrent with red cell production
-Gives rise to small vascular channels that appear rapidly throughout the embryo
-Coalesce to form larger, definitive vessels

Front 7

Because so many smaller vessels fuse to become larger vessels, ____ ____, especially in the venous system, are common.

Back 7

-Minor variations

Front 8

Aortic Arches

Back 8

-A set of large vessels that appear cranial to the primitive heart tube and forms this

Front 9

Fate of Arch 1

Back 9

Mostly disappears; small portion of maxillary artery bilaterally

Front 10

Hemapoiesis

Back 10

-Blood Cell formation
-Begins in the Yolk sac

Front 11

Fate of Arch 2

Back 11

-Mostly disappears; hyoid and stapedial arteries bilaterally

Front 12

Fate of Arch 3

Back 12

-Common carotids and proximal internal carotids bilaterally

Front 13

Fate of Arch 4

Back 13

-Proximal right subclavian and portion of aortic arch on left

Front 14

Fate of Arch 5

Back 14

-Disappears

Front 15

Fate of Arch 6

Back 15

-Proximal pulmonary arteries and the ductus arteriosus

Front 16

What is the aorta formed by?

Back 16

-Fusion of two dorsal aortae in the midline

Front 17

Unpaired arteries supply the ___ ____.

Back 17

-GI Tract

Front 18

Paired arteries supply the _____ _____ structures.

Back 18

-Abdominal Glandular

Front 19

Paired parietal branches supply the body cavity walls of the ______ and ______.

Back 19

-Thorax and Abdomen

Front 20

_____ develop as a result of the fusion of many smaller vascular channels.

Back 20

-Veins

Front 21

Major Venous Vessels Arise from ...

Back 21

-Cardinal Veins
-Vitelline Veins
-Umbilical Veins

Front 22

Subdivisions of Cardinal Veins

Back 22

-Anterior Cardinals

Front 23

What do anterior cardinals develop into?

Back 23

-Internal jugular veins
-Superior Vena Cava

Front 24

What do the posterior cardinals form?

Back 24

-Portions of the azygos connection to the SVC
-Common Iliac vens which drain the pelvis and lower extremeties

Front 25

Supracardinal Veins

Back 25

-Largely drain the thoracic wall
-Become the azygos system of veins and a small portion of the inferior vena cava (IVC)

Front 26

The _____ ____ contribute to the IVC ___ and ____ veins.

Back 26

-Subcardinal veins
-Renal
-Gonadal

Front 27

Why are variations and multiple venous channels common?

Back 27

-The intricate venous anastomoses that contribute to the veins

Front 28

Vitelline Veins

Back 28

-Initially drain the yolk sac
-Become incorporated into the abdomen with the developing gut and form the portal venous system

Front 29

Portal Venous System

Back 29

-Drains the GI, tract, its associated glands, and the spleen

Front 30

What is the portal vein formed by?

Back 30

-Superior mesenteric
-Splenic veins

-->Collectively drains the stomach, spleen, pancreas, small and large bowel, and gallbladder

Front 31

Liver and Vitelline Veins

Back 31

-As the liver grows, it surrounds the vitelline veins just inferior to where they drained into the primitive heart (sinus venosus of the primitive heart tube)
-They become the intrahepatic venous sinusoids

Front 32

The _____ __ initially return oxygenated blood to the heart but by the 7th week of development only the ____ _____ ___ persists.

Back 32

-Umbilical Vein
-Left Umbilical Vein

Front 33

Only the ____ ____ ____ carries blood from the placenta to the heart.

Back 33

-Left Umbilical Vein

Front 34

Ductus Venosus

Back 34

-Venus Shunt
-Develops in the liver
-Connects the umbilical vein with the inferior vena cava, thus bypassing most of the capillary networks of the liver

Front 35

Ligamentum Venosum

Back 35

-Venous shunt becomes a ligament as the neonate is seperated from its placental connection

Front 36

Ligamentum Teres

Back 36

-Left umbilical vein becomes ligament
-Found in free margin of the falciform ligament running from the umbilicus to the liver

Front 37

Initially, the lymphatics appear as ____ _____ ___ around the ___ week of development.

Back 37

-Six lymph sacs
-6th

Front 38

6 Lymph Sacs

Back 38

-2 Jugular
-2 Iliac or Posterior Sacs
-A retroperitoneal sac
-The cisterna chyli

Front 39

Lymph

Back 39

-Transparent, slightly yellow or light rose-colord liquid in lymphatic vessels and is derived from tissue fluids
-Microscopically: consists of cells (mostly lymphocytes), plasma proteins, and immuniglobulins (antibodies)

Front 40

The lymphatic system is important in...

Back 40

-Reabsorbing tissue and interstitial proteins lost by the venous system
-Distributing hormones
-Absorption of fats from the intestines
-Immune function

Front 41

The lymphatics return about ___ to __ liters of fluid per day back to the bloodstream.

Back 41

3.5 to 4

Front 42

6 Major Collection Points (Nodes) in the Body

Back 42

1. Deep cervical nodes (bilateral groups)
2. Axillary nodes (bilateral groups)
3. Mediastinal nodes (deep nodes around the trachea and bronchi)
4. Paraaortic/lumbar nodes (deep nodes around the aorta and renal aa)
5. Iliac nodes (deep bilateral groups around the iliac area)
6. Inguinal nodes (bilateral groups)

Front 43

Lymphatic Accumulations that are palpable

Back 43

-Deep Cervical
-Axillary
-Inguinal

Front 44

Lymphatic Accumulations that cannot be palpated

Back 44

-Mediastinal
-Paraaortic (lumber)
-Iliac

Front 45

The _____ ____ drains 3/4 of the body's lymph while the ____ ____ ___ drains the remaining 1/4.

Back 45

-Thoracic duct
-Right lymphatic duct