Hsf: Development Of The Heart

Front 1

When does the development of heart and vessels occur?

Back 1

-3rd week

Front 2

Most of the muscular heart is derived from _____ _____, but the outflow tract of the primitive heart is derived from ___ and ______ ____, and _____.

Back 2

-Splanchnic Mesoderm
-Paraxial and Lateral Mesoderm
-Neural Crest Cells

Front 3

The heart tube itself is derived from the fusion of ____ ____ ____ that meet in the midline.

Back 3

-Bilateral Endocardial tubes

Front 4

Sinus Venosus

Back 4

-Heart tube receives blood from the placenta at this inferior connection
-Veins from the embryo's body and from the placenta (umbilical vein) return blood to the SV

Front 5

Sequence of Blood Flow

Back 5

-Primitive Atrium
-Primitive Ventricle
-Exist the heart tube via the bulbous cordis
-BC subdivides into the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus (TA)

Front 6

Heart Folding (S Bend)

Back 6

-Sinus Venosus and Primitive Atrium swing to levt, posteriorly and superiorly
-Enlarging ventricle swings ventrally, to the right and inferiorly

Front 7

When the atrium and ventricle become partitioned?

Back 7

-30th day

Front 8

Interarterial septum development is a complex process and involves the formation of a ____ _____ and _____ _____.

Back 8

-Septum Primum
-Septum Secundum

Front 9

Septum Secundum

Back 9

-Rigid fold of tissue derived from the atrial roof

Front 10

Forman ovale

Back 10

-Septum primum and septum secundum grow toward each other until they almost completely approximate one another
-The septa do not fuse, but form a valve-like flap
-Allos for the flow of blood from the right atrium to the left atrium via this hiatus

Front 11

The blood flows through the _____ ____ from the right to the left atrium, thus bypassing the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation.

Back 11

-Foramen ovale

Front 12

Intervetnricular Septum

Back 12

-Gros up from the base of the primitive ventricle and rises superiorly, almost fusing with the endocardinal cushion

Front 13

Final fusion of the interventricular septum with the endocardial cushion occurs through a ____ ____ ___ that ultimately separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle.

Back 13

-Thin Membranous Partition

Front 14

Division of the _____ ___ and _____ ____ results from the development and fusion of ridges, which grow in the truncal and bulbar regions.

Back 14

-Bulbus cordis
-Truncus arteriosus

Front 15

Aorticopulmonary septum

Back 15

-Ridges form this
-Divides the truncus and bulbus into the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 16

What is neural crest cells role in heart formation?

Back 16

-Forms aorticopulmonary septum
-Contribute to the formation of the semilunar (pulmonic and aortic) valve leaflets

Front 17

What do the atrioventricular valves develop from?

Back 17

-From Swellings that surround the atrioventricular canals, which are passageways between the atria and ventricles

Front 18

What happens to the lungs at birth?

Back 18

-Become cleared of amniotic fluid
-Filled with air and expand--> allows blood flow to them to increase dramatically
-Lungs takeover oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange from the placenta
-Resistance of blood flow that existed in fetus is significantly reduced

Front 19

True or False: The flap-like and felixble septum primum presses against the relatively rigid septum secundum, and these two flaps do not fuse.

Back 19

FALSE: They do fuse

Front 20

What happens to the ductus arteriosus at birth?

Back 20

-Begins to constrict, closing the shunt between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta
-Becomes the ligamentum arteriosum which persists as an evolutionary reminder of our early aquatic existence in the womb

Front 21

Changes After Birth: Foramen Ovale

Back 21

-Fossa ovalis of the intearterial septum

Front 22

Changes After Birth: Ductus arteriosus

Back 22

-Ligamentum arteriosum between the pulmonry trunk and aorta

Front 23

Changes After Birth: Umbilical Vein

Back 23

-Ligamentum teres (hepatis) of the liver

Front 24

Changes After Birth: Ductus Venosum

Back 24

-Ligamentum venosum of liver

Front 25

Changes After Birth: Umbilical Arteries

Back 25

-Medial Umbilical Ligaments on the interior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall

Front 26

Tricuspid Atresia (Mitral Atresia)

Back 26

-The valvular opening between the atria and ventricles fails to form

Front 27

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

Back 27

-Usually occurs in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum, resulting in a left to right shunting of blood flow

Front 28

Persistent truncus arteriosus

Back 28

-Caused by a lack of partitioning of the truncal outflow tracts from the ventricles
-Often accompanied by a ventricular septal defect

Front 29

Aortic or pulmonary stenosis

Back 29

-Asymmetrical septation of the truncal outflow tracts may lead to narrowing of either the aortic or pulmonary vessels

Front 30

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Back 30

-Failure to close after birth
-This more common vascular defect may be asymptomatic in almost half the infants, but over many years the strong flow of blood from the higher pressure aortic circulation in to the pulmonary circulation may overload the pulmonary vasculature and result in pulmonary hypertension and heart failure

Front 31

Tetralogy of Fallot

Back 31

-Pulmonary stenosis
-Ventricular septal defect
-Large overriding aorta
-Right ventricular hypertrophy
-One of the more common cyanotic heart lesions