Hsf - Anatomy Lab

Front 1

vertebral column - is made up of what

Back 1

33 total vertebrae:
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal

Front 2

acromion

Back 2

highest point of scapula

Front 3

iliac crest

Back 3

above hip bone, dimples, no muscle under skin

Front 4

external occipital protuberance

Back 4

bump on back of head

Front 5

mastoid process

Back 5

bone on skull behind the ear - part of temporal bone

Front 6

transverse process

Back 6

bones that stick out to the sides

Front 7

transverse foramen

Back 7

little hole in the transverse process

Front 8

spinous process

Back 8

bone that sticks out of the back

Front 9

atlas

Back 9

lacks a body and spinous process (C1)

Front 10

axis

Back 10

bifid spine - spinous process branches in 2 (C2)

Front 11

vertebral foramen

Back 11

hole in the middle - contains the spinal cord and meninges

Front 12

pedicles

Back 12

bone between body and processes

Front 13

laminae

Back 13

bone between spinous and transverse processes

Front 14

facets

Back 14

attach articular processes to rib

Front 15

superior/inferior articular processes

Back 15

bone that sticks up attaches to rib

Front 16

intervertebral discs

Back 16

fibrocartilaginous; join adjacent vertebrae

Front 17

intervertebral foramen

Back 17

holes where spinal nerve exit

Front 18

neurovascular bundles

Back 18

nerves and vessels that innervate/supply the deep intrinsic muscles (dorsal branches of dorsal rami)

Front 19

name 3 groups of back muscles

Back 19

superficial, intermediate, deep

Front 20

name the superficial back muscles

Back 20

trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboids
levator scapulae

Front 21

trapezieus

Back 21

innervated by CN11 - spinal accessory nerve

supports weight of arm, retract scapulae, medially rotates and depress scapula

Front 22

latissimus dorsi

Back 22

innervated by thoracodorsal nerve

extension and adduction of shoulder joint

Front 23

rhomboids major and minor

Back 23

from spinous processes to medial border of scapula

innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

retracts scapula and holds ribcage

Front 24

levator scapulae

Back 24

from transverse processes of atlas and axis to medial border of scapula

innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve

raises medial angle of scapula

Front 25

name intermediate back muscles + function

Back 25

serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior

function in respiration

Front 26

serratus posterior superior

Back 26

from ligamentum nuchae + spinous processes C7-T3, to ribs

innervated by intercostal nerves

elevates ribs

Front 27

serratus posterior inferior

Back 27

from vertebrae (T11-L3) to ribs

innervated by intercostal nerves

draws ribs back and down

Front 28

name deep muscles of back

Back 28

splenius (2)
erector spinae (3)
transversopinal/paravertebral (3)

Front 29

splenius capitis

Back 29

from ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7-T3 to mastoid process and occipital bone

innervated by dorsal rami

extends C and T vertebrae, and bends/rotates head

Front 30

splenius cervicis

Back 30

from ligamentum nuchae to tubercle of transverse process of C1-3

innervated by dorsal rami

extends C vertebrae

Front 31

serratus posterior superior

Back 31

arises from ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7-T3 and ends at ribs

innervated by intercostal nerves

elevates ribs

Front 32

serratus posterior inferior

Back 32

arises from vertebrae T11-L3 to ribs

innervated by intercostal nerves

draws ribs back + down

Front 33

splenius capitis

Back 33

arises from ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of C7-T3 to mastoid process and occipital bone

innervated by dorsal rami

extend cervical + thoracic vertebrae, bends/rotates head

Front 34

splenius cervicis

Back 34

from ligamentum nuchae to tubercle of transverse processes of C1-3

extends cervical + thoracic vertebrae, bends/rotates head

Front 35

Name the 3 muscles of the erector spinae

Back 35

spinalis
longissimus
iliocostalis

extends vertebral column or bend it laterally

Front 36

spinalis

Back 36

closest to vertebrae; 3 parts, thoracic, cervicis, capitis; from spinous process of upper thorax to skull

Front 37

longissimus

Back 37

betwen spinalis and iliocostalis; 3 parts; runs from ribs to transverse processes of thoracic and cervical regions to mastoid process

Front 38

iliocostalis

Back 38

3 parts: lumbarum, cervicis, thoracic; from lower ribs to cervical transverse processes

Front 39

Name 3 paravertebral muscles (also transverseospinal)

Back 39

semispinalis
multifidus
rotatores

occupy groove btwn transverse processes ad spnal processes

Front 40

semispinalis

Back 40

from thoracic and cervical processes; 3 parts: thoracis, cervicis, capitis; attach to occipital bone; extend head and the T/C regions of vertebrae

4-6 segments long

Front 41

multifidus

Back 41

arises from sacrum and ilium, transverse processes of T1-T3 and articular processes of C4 and C7; go to spinous processes

2-4 segments

stabilize vertebrae

Front 42

rotatores

Back 42

arise from transverse process of vertebrae; best developed in T region; attach to junction of lamina and transverse process of origin of spinous process above

1-2 segments

stabilize and assist with local extension/rotation

Front 43

supraspinous/infraspinous ligaments

Back 43

attach adjacent spines together (spinal processes)

Front 44

ligamenta flava

Back 44

strong elastic ligament that connects adjacent laminae

Front 45

epidural space

Back 45

space outside of dura mater; within canal; contains fat and vertebral venous (Batson's) plexus

Front 46

dura mater

Back 46

outermost covering membrane of spinal cord; forms dural sac

Front 47

arachnoid mater

Back 47

sheath, lines dural sac and encloses CSF in subarachnoid space

Front 48

pia mater

Back 48

membrane covering spinal cord (nylon stocking)

Front 49

denticulate ligaments

Back 49

white colored pia mater extensions that anchor the spinal cord laterally to dura

Front 50

ventral/dorsal roots

Back 50

exit the ventral/dorsal horns of gray matter and contain motor/sensory info only

Front 51

dorsal root ganglion

Back 51

DRG - contain nerve cell bodies of sensory nerves, seen as bulge; appears before union of roots

Front 52

conus medullaris

Back 52

end of the spinal cord/ @ L1-L2 in adults, L3-L4 in children

Front 53

cauda equina

Back 53

collection of ventral and dorsal roots that looks like horses taill

Front 54

filium terminale

Back 54

fine strand of pia mater (whiter than nerve roots); extends to end of dural sac @ S2; pierces dura and passes thru sacral hiatus to anchor spinal cord to coccyx

Front 55

basilic vein

Back 55

found in subcutaneous tissue; passes along medial part of inferior arm, it penetrates deep fascia and runs superiorly to axilla, merging with axillary vein

Front 56

cephalic vein

Back 56

found in subcutaneous tissue; along anterolateral surface of proximal forearm and arm; visible thru skin; passes superiorly btwn deltoid and pectoralis major in dectopectoral groove and then in deltopectoral triangle, where it empties into the termination of axillary vein

Front 57

median cubital vein

Back 57

connects the basilic and cephalic veins; used for taking blood; lies in cubital fossa

Front 58

brachial fascia

Back 58

thin, loose, membranous sheath for muscles in arm (deep fascia)

Front 59

antebrachial fascia

Back 59

sheath for muscles in foremrm (deep fascia)

Front 60

superficial dorsal veins

Back 60

veins on dorsal side of hand, arm, and forearm

Front 61

acromion

Back 61

highest point of scapula; connects to clavicle

Front 62

spine

Back 62

thick projecting ridge of bone, continues laterally

Front 63

supraspinous fossa

Back 63

triangular flat scapular bone found above the spine of scapula; concave; broader @ vertebral than humerus end

Front 64

infraspinous fossa

Back 64

flat bone found under the spine of scapula

Front 65

glenoid cavity

Back 65

on upper, lateral angle of scapula, directed lateralward, forward, articulates the head of humerus; (socket)

Front 66

supraglenoid tubercle

Back 66

where biceps brachii muscle attaches; found on top part of glenoid cavity

Front 67

infraglenoid tubercle

Back 67

where tricep brachii muscle attaches; found on bottom of glenoid cavity

Front 68

coracoid process

Back 68

"crow's beak" or hook like; superoir to gleniod cavity, projects anterolaterally (bent finger pointing to shoulder); stabilizes shoulder joint; point of attachment for pectoralis minor msucle, short head of bcep brachii, coracobrachialis muscle

Front 69

scapular notch

Back 69

where superior border of scapula joins with coracoid process

Front 70

head of humerus

Back 70

ball-shaped; articulates with glenoid cavity

Front 71

greater tubercle

Back 71

lateral to head of humerus; provides attachment and leverage to some scapulohumeral muscles

Front 72

lesser tubercle

Back 72

projects anteriorly from head; provides attachment and leverage

Front 73

intertubercular sulcus

Back 73

also bicipital groove; separates the greater and lesser tubercles

Front 74

deltoid tuberosity

Back 74

in body of humerus; where deltoid muscle attaches; on lateral side

Front 75

sulcus for the radial nerve (spiral groove)

Back 75

oblique depression for radial nerve; posteriorly; also for deep brachial artery

Front 76

deltoid muscle

Back 76

attached from clavicle, acromion, spine to deltoid tuberosity of humerus; innevated by axillary nerve (C5, C6); flex, abduct, extend, and medial/lateral rotation

Front 77

axillary nerve

Back 77

innervated deltoid and teres minor; found in axilla

Front 78

posterior circumflex humeral artery

Back 78

next to axillary nerve; supplies deltoids and shoulder joint; arises from axillary artery

Front 79

quandrangular space

Back 79

axillary space where axillary nerve and post circumflex humeral artery pass

Front 80

triceps muscle

Back 80

located in posterior part of ar

3 heads: long, lateral, medial

extensor of elbow joint

innervated by radial nerve (C6-C8)

long: infraglenoid tubercle to olecranon of ulna
lateral: posterior humerus, above radial groove, to olecranon of ulna
medial: posterior humerus, interior to radial groove, to olecranon of ulna

Front 81

teres minor

Back 81

from superior part of lateral border of scapula to inferior facet on greater tubercle of humerus;

innervated by axillary nerve

part of rotator cuff; rotates arm and adducts

Front 82

teres major

Back 82

from dorsal surface surface of inferior angle of scapula to medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus; under teres minor

Front 83

supraspinatus

Back 83

from supraspinous fossa of scapula to superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus;

innervated by the suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6); helps deltoid abduct shoulder; part of rotator cuff

Front 84

infraspinatus

Back 84

from its fossa to middle facet on greater tubercle; innervated by suprascaular nerve (C5, C6); laterally rotates shoulder; helps hold humeral head to glenoid cavity; part of rotator cuff

Front 85

suprascapular ligament, nerve, artery

Back 85

all between coracoid process and superoir border of scapula;

ligament creates foramen

Front 86

muscles that make up rotator cuff

Back 86

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapilaris
(SITS)

protects joint and gives stability; holding head in glenoid cavity

Front 87

subscapilaris

Back 87

triangular muscle; on costal surface of scapula; part of poseroir wall of axilla; crosses anteroir on its way to humerus; is the primary medial rotator of the arm and also adducts it; also holds others

Front 88

name 4 walls of axilla

Back 88

anterior wall: pectoralis major/minor
posterior wall: teres major, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis
medial wall: serratus anteroir muscle
lateral wall: intertubercle sulcus of humerus (bicipital ggroove)

Front 89

biceps brachii

Back 89

2 heads: long and short; flexor and supinator of forearm

innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

long head:supraglenoid tubercle of scapula to radial tuberosity of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
short head: coracoid process to radial tuberosity of forearm; medial to long head

Front 90

coracobrachialis

Back 90

located in superomedila part of arm; musculocutaneous nerve pierces it; from tip of coracoid process to middle of humerus;

innervated by mc nerve

helps to flex and adduct arm

Front 91

axillary sheath

Back 91

continuation of prevertebral fascia that encloses the axillary artery, vein and brachial plexus

Front 92

axillary artery

Back 92

supplies thorax, axilla, upper limb; after passing teres major, it becomes the brachial arter; divided into 3 parts in relation to pectoralis minor; begins @ first rib and ends @ brachial artery

Front 93

superior thoracic artery

Back 93

very small; first division of axillary artery (or thoracoacromial artery); runs along pectoralix minor; regoin 1 of ax artery

Front 94

thoracoacromial artery

Back 94

short trunk; origin overlapping with the upper edge of pec minor; divides into 4 branches: ABCD (b for breast)

Acromial branch
B(pectoral) branch
Clavicularal branch
Deltoid humeral branch

Front 95

lateral thoracic artery

Back 95

follows lower border of pec minor to the side of the chest, supplies serratus anteror and pec major and branches to axilla, lymph nodes, and subscapularis

Front 96

subscapular artery

Back 96

largest branch of axillary artery; arises from lower border of subscapularis, follow inferior angle of scapula; 2 terminal branches

- thoracodorsal artery - to lat dorsi
- circumflex scapular artery

Front 97

posterior/anterior circumflex humeral artery

Back 97

arises from third part of axillary artery

arteries anastomose to form a circle arond surgical neck of humerus; larger posteior circumflex humeral artery passes through quandragular space with axillary nerve

Front 98

brachial plexus

Back 98

RTDCB - (roots, trunks, divisions, cords, branches)

cords: lateral, medial, posterior

branches:
mc nerve - enters corcaobrachialis
ax nerve - thru quadrangular space
radial nerve - follow deep brachial artery down post hum
median nerve - passes anterior arm, innervates forearm
ulnar nerve - passes down anterior arm, innervates forearm

Front 99

medial cutaneous antebrachial nerve

Back 99

from medial cord, branch before ulnar nerve

Front 100

subscapular nerve

Back 100

innervates subscapularis and teres major

Front 101

long thoracic nerve

Back 101

to serratus anterior; from C5-C7, descends behind brachial plexus

Front 102

radial nerve

Back 102

supplies triceps and forearm; travels posteriorly thru triangular space of axilla; enters behind axillary artery; medial side

Front 103

deep brachial artery

Back 103

from medial posterior under teres major, follows with raial nerve, btwn medial and lateral heads of tricep to lateral side of the arm

Front 104

brachialis

Back 104

flexes elbow

in cubital fossa; from bottom of deltoid to just bellow elbow joint (coronoid process + tuberosity of ulna)

innervated by mc nerve and radial nerve

Front 105

lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Back 105

branch of mc nerve; passes behind cephalic vein

Front 106

brachial artery

Back 106

from lower border of teres major to bifurcation in the cubital fossa into ulnar and radial arteries; gives rise to deep brachial artery