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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epithelium vs. CT
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Epithelium above connective tissues
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Ducts vs. secretory cells of glands
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Ducts - darker, single or stratified layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
Glands - lighter, they're secretory cells |
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Microvilli vs. cilia vs. stereocilia
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Microvili - in the duodenum, increase surface area for absorption, thin layer on top of simple columnar, goblet cells present
Cilia - found in bronchus (lung), long white color, on top of pseudostratified columnar (and will always be on top of columnar), larger than microvilli, helps move mucus secreted by goblet cells Stereocilia - pseudostratified columnar, no goblet, tube-shape |
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Inter vs. Intralobular ducts
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Inter - embedded in CT b/t lobules, lined by simple columnar or stratified cuboidal/columnar
Intra - smalled, embedded within lobules, lined by simple cuboidal (contains serous acini |
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Simple tubular glands
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crypts of Lieberkuhn, intestinal
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Simple coiled tubular glands
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eccrine sweat glands, with secretary ducts and glands deep beneath the epithelium
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Simple branched tubular glands
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Brunner's gland, clear cytoplasm, arranged in tubes, empty via ducts into the base of crypts of Lieberkuhn
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Simple branched alveolar glands
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Sebaccous, look for hair follicle, "grapes"
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Mesothelium
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simple squamous
outside of tubes of GI system, spaces beneath it |
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Endothelium
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simple squamous
lines outside of BV |
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Urothelium
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transitional epithelium
lots of tight junctions look for round, dom-shaped, possibly dual-nuclei found in ureter, bladder, and prostatic urethra |
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Serous vs. mucous acini
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serous darker (protein), mucous lighter
mucous with nuclei squashed all acinus arranged in pie-shaped secretory unit |
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Serous demilune
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mucous acini capped with several serous cells
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Loose areolar CT
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loose looking tissues, well vascularized, contains elastic fibers (dark) and collagen fibers
examples: lamina propria of GI, stroma of glands, and the hypodermis (and fat cells, adipose) |
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Plasma cells
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nucleus at one end of cell, "clock face"
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Fibroblasts vs. smooth muscles
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fibroblast's nucleus - spindle shape
smooth muscle's nucleus - rounded shape |
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Dense irregular CT
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most of the dermis below epithelium
irregular arrangement of collagen fibers and size |
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Tendons vs. skeletal muscle
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nuclei location
tendon - interspersed among the collagen fibers skeletal muscle - located on the perimeter of the cytoplasm |
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Cells in CT
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fibroblast, mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes
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Mast cell vs. plasma cell
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Plasma: "clock face", golgi hof near nucleus
Mast: cytoplasm contain red granules |
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Mast cell vs. eosinophil
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very similar red granules, but eosinophils have bilobed nucleus
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Mast cell vs. fibroblast
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fibroblast's nucleus usually aligned with collagen fibers
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Lymphocyte vs. macrophages
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nucleus, and brown "stuff"
lymphocytes have nucleus covering most of the cytoplasm, hence little cytoplasm seen in lymphocytes macrophage has a lot of brown crap (literally) since it is the main component of phagocytosis |
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Reticular fibers vs. elastic fibers
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Reticular fibers holds endothelial cells in place, really scattered in PAS stain
In silver stain - it is pretty obvious, it has perpendicular patterns not visible with H&E due to glycol-groups in glycoproteins can't be stained specifically |
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Lacunae
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chondrocytes lie in them
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Periochondrium
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surrounds the whole cartliage
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Chondroblasts
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lies more peripheral toward the periochondrium, differentiates into chondrocytes, which get bigger as they go deeper into the cartilage
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Chondrogenic layer
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chondroblasts lie in it
also the inner perichondrial layer |
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Fibrous layer
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fibroblasts lie in it, superficial to chondrogenic layer
also the outer perichondrial layer |
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Isogenous groups
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clusters of chondrocytes within the matrix
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Haversian system
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also called osteon
consists of a haversian canal surrounded by concentric lamellae |
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Canaliculi
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canals that are perpendicular to the lamellae
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Canaliculi vs. Volkmans canal vs. Haversian canal
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both canaliculi and volkmans can be perpendicular, but volkmans is a big ass canal, cannot miss it
haversian canal just has a small circle |
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External circumferential lamellae
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irregular layers, in between osteons
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Periosteum
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lines compact bone
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Endosteum
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inside of compact bone, before the spongy
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Spicules
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also named trabeculae
irregular, into the spongy bone from the compact bone from what it seems |
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Endochondral ossification
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the process of bone formation in which growing cartilage template is replaced by bone tissue
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Appositional growth
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interior layer of the perichondrium, multiplication of chondroblasts
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Interstitial growth
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growth by division of chondrocytes
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Hyaline vs. elastic vs. fibro
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Hyaline - type II (blue/gray)
Elastic - same as hyaline, with a lot more elastic fibers Fibrocartilages - type I collagen, no perichondrium = no appositional growth |
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Chondroblasts vs. chondrocytes
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chondroblasts more peripheral
chondrocytes in lacunae and deeper to the periochondrium |
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Dendrites vs. axon
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Dendrites have Nissl substance (with Luxol fast blue stain)
both come off cell body Axon is also lighter stain |
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Satellite cells
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surrounds the neuronal cell bodies, for support
analgous to Schwann cells |
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Schwann cells
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ensheath or myelinate axon
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Myelin sheath
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donut shape
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Satellite vs. Schwann
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look for nucleus and nucleolus (satellite)
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Dorsal root vs. autonomic
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Central vs. eccentric nucleus
Many vs. few satellite cells Myelinated vs. none Somatic sensory fibers vs. visceral motor Pseudounipolar vs. multipolar |
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Enteric glial
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associated with the enteric nervous system, in the GI tract
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Myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus
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located between two smooth muscle layers
unmyelinated axons and enteric glia |
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Meissner's plexus
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in the submucosa, the area of CT above the muscle layers
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Meissner's corpuscles vs. Pacinian corpuscles
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Meissner's
-around the papillae -light touch Pacinian -onion shape -pressure and vibration |
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Ensheathed vs. myelinated
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ensheathed has nuclei, myelinated is srrounded by color and center is white (donut)
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Epinuerium vs. Peri vs. Endo
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Epi - outter layer
Peri - surrounds fascicle Endo - surrounds each Schwann cell-axon units |
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Internodes
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region between nodes of Ranvier
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Skeletal vs. cardiac vs. smooth
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Skeletal - striated, line up in a longitudinal order, no branching, with A band (dark), and I band (light band), nuclei on the edge
Cardiac - striated, longitudinally lined up, but branches, nuclei located in the center, contains intercalated discs, kinda like nodes of ranvier Smooth - not striated, two layers: inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer, nuclei central |
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Smooth vs. CT
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Smooth runs in straight lines, slight wave, cytoplasm more basophilic
CT has irregular pattern or quite wavy |
