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263 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 4 top causes of death?
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1-heart attack/cardiovascular disease; 2-cancer; 3-cerebral vascular accident; 4-COPD;
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What are the two types of influeza?
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Influenza A & B
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Which type of influenza should you worry more about?
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type A
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Which type of influenza is mainly in the animal population?
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type B
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What are the two antigens(anything that initiates the immune system) in type A influenza?
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hemaglutinin and neuraminidase
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Which type of influenza has different strands, H1N1 & H3N2?
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Type A
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What is antigenic drift?
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mutations that occur during viral replication
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What is a shift?
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when an entirely new strain appears to defy immunity
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Which is worse shift or drift?
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shift
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What age group does the influenza virus cause disease?
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all age groups
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What age ranges is infection of influenza highest?
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greater than 65 years and less than 2 years
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What did the US call the influenza pandemic we had?
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The Spanish Flu Pandemic
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How many people died in the Spanish Flu Pandemic?
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25 million to 50 million worldwide
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What years were the Spanish Flu Pandemic?
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1918 & 1919
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Where was the first case of influenza found?
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in Fort Riley, Kansas
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What are symptoms for influenza?
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fever, headache, extreme tiredness, dry cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches, stomach symptoms
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What are 3 complications of the flu?
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1-bacterial pneumonia; 2-dehydration; 3-worsening of chronic medical conditions
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What are the two types of flu vaccinations?
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flu shot & nasal-spray
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Which type of flu vaccine is not alive, shot or nasal-spray?
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shot
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What is the age you have to be to receive the flu-shot?
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older than 6 months
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What is the "Flu Shot"?
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an inactivated vaccine that is given by injection
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What is the Nasal-spray Flu Vaccine?
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"Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine" (LAIV); alive but weakened
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What is the age limit for the nasal spray?
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5 years to 49 years of age who are not pregnant
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What months is the best time to get vaccinated?
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October or November
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Through what months does the flu season occur?
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October through May
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What people should be vaccinated for the flu?
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50 yrs or older; 6-23mos; nursing home residents; ppl w/ chronic heart or lung conditions, including asthma, metabolic diseases, and weakened immune systems; children on long-term aspirin therapy; women who will be pregnant during the influenza season; ppl who can transmit flu to others at high risk for complications;
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What cohorts should NOT be vaccinated?
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ppl w/ sever allergy to chicken eggs; severe rxn to an influenza vaccine in the past; ppl who develop Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) (PNS inflammation disorder); children less than 6mos;
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What was the name of the boy in the influenza video and how old was he?
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Jake, 3 yrs, had flu
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What kind of virus is the human immunodeficiency virus?
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a retrovirus
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What does HIV use to store info, RNA or DNA?
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RNA
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What two parts of the immune system does HIV have a strong affinity towards?
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lymphocytes and phagocytes
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What are macrophages a specific type of?
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phagocytes
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T cells are one of 2 types of what?
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lymphocytes
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What are the four kinds of T cells?
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helper, killer, suppressor, and memory
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What protects first macrophages or T cells?
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macrophages
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What do the helper T Cells do?
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directly after the macrophages initiate, attack against foreign entity
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What do the killer T Cells do?
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respond to helpers and comes in to eradicate foreign entity
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What do the suppressor T Cells do?
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new lyphocyte production to a halt
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What do the memory T Cells do?
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establishes immunity to the foreign entity
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What two things does HIV go directly for?
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macrophages and helper T Cells
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What don't the helper T Cells activate post-infection?
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the killer T Cells
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Are memory T Cells ever activated in HIV?
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no
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What year and where was HIV first reported in the U.S.?
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NY & CA in 1981
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Who in the late 1980's were susceptible to HIV?
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invaneous drug users and ppl who participated in blood transfusions
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What are the 3 transmission modalities of HIV?
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Sexual, Blood-borne(rare), and Mother-child
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Where is the largest population of HIV in all the world?
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Africa; then India(E. Europe) & China(Asia)
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What is the 1st stage of HIV?
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flu-like symptoms; 2-6mos post-infection, up to 2.5yrs;
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What is the 2nd stage of HIV?
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asymptomatic HIV infection; referred by CDC as Category A HIV infection;
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What is the 3rd stage of HIV?
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Category B; 3 specific symptoms: peripheral neuropathy, pelvic inflammatory disease, herpes zoster;
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What are the 3 symptoms from Category B/stage 3 of HIV?
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1-peripheral neuropathy (numbness in limbs); 2-pelvic inflammatory disease (gastro probs.); 3-herpes zoster;
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What is the 4th stage of HIV?
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category C; synonymous with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS); symptoms include secondary infection and cancer-like conditions; when multi-symptoms are present AIDS is diagnosed;
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Is HIV the cause of death?
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NO
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What are some category C/stage 4 symptoms?
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candidiasis, cervical cancer, cryptococosis, cytomegalovirus, encephalopathy, herpes simplex, histoplamosis, Karposi's sarcoma, lymphoma, pneumonia, septicemia, wasting syndrome;
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What does ADC stand for as far as AIDS/HIV is concerned?
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AIDS Dementia Complex
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How many AIDS patients will get ADC?
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2/3
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T/F ADC has been found in acute HIV infection period.
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True
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T/F there is a cure for HIV.
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False
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What is the treatment for HIV/AIDS?
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education & public awareness; symptom maintenance;
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What is the life expectancy of somone with HIV? AIDS?
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21 years; 1-6 years;
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What are the medications for HIV/AIDS patients?
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reverse transciptase inhibitors (AZT, ddI, ddC); meds for specific symptoms;
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How many pills does an HIV patient take approx, and what is the problem with taking so many?
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10+ 4-5x daily; compounding effects can be lethal;
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What are the 4 major popular myths about AIDS?
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Casual contact can cause AIDS; HIV does Not cause AIDS; The US gov't created AIDS to eliminate ______ population; man and chimpanzee;
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What number killer is Cancer?
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2
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___ in 4 individuals have some association with cancer
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1
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What is cancer?
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abnormal, disorderly, and uncontrolled cell growth
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Are cancer cells themselves dangerous?
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NO
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What is dangerous about cancer if its not the cancer cells?
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there rxn with other tissues and cells nearby
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What are the 3 main causes of cancer?
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oncogenes, "trigger effect" and diasthesis-stress model, and carcinogens;
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What is an oncogene?
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specific genes, if activated turn on switch & allow cancer to grow;
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What are carcinogens?
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any foreign thing that allows oncogenes
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What are the 4 classes of cancer?
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sarcomas, carcinomas, leukemias, lymphomas
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What type of cancer is sarcoma?
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bones, muscles, and connective tissue & heart;
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What type of cancer is carcinoma?
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epithelial cells
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What type of cancer is leukemia?
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blood-forming agents
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What type of cancer is lymphoma?
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infection-fighting agents
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What is the top cancer killer for men?
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prostate
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What is the top cancer killer for women?
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breast
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What are the 3 top environmental factors of cancer?
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tobacco-30%, diet-30%, and virus/bacterial infection-10%;
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T/F We know what causes cancer.
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FALSE
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What cancers are associated with tobacco users?
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lung, larynx, pharynx, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, and cervix
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What type of cancer is associated with diet?
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breast, colon, pancreas, prostate, and ovaries
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What type of cancer is associated with genetics?
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breast, ovary, colon, lung, and melanoma
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What is the acronym for cancer developed by the American Cancer Society?
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CAUTION
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What do the letters in CAUTION from the ACS mean?
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C-hange in bowel/bladder habits; A-sore that does not heal; U-nusual bleeding or discharge; T-hickening or lump found; I-ndigestion or difficulty swallowing; O-bvious change in skin; N-agging cough or hoarseness;
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What are the 4 symptoms of cancer?
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1-pressing on nearby tissue, resulting in pain; 2-becomes large enough to be seen/felt; 3-interferes w/ blood vessels, resulting in bleeding; 4-causes change in nearby organ function, resulting in symptoms;
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What are 3 ways to diagnose cancer?
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physical exam; lab tests; serum chemistries taken for analysis; also imaging & scopes;
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T/F More women get cancer than men.
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FALSE, no gender preference
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What is the name of the system used to decide on appropriate treatment for cancer patients?
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TNM system; T-tumor size, N-regional lymph node involvement, M-degree of metastasis;
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T/F If you are assigned the number 4 by the TNM system the cancer is absent.
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FALSE, 0-absent & 4-bad;
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What are 4 major treatment modalities for cancer?
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surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and biologic therapy
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What is the oldest form of cancer treatment?
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surgery
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What is chemotherapy?
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drugs are used to interrupt cancer cell growth;
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What 3 ways can chemotherapy be delivered?
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intravenous, ambulatory infusion pump, and intra-arterial infusion(liver cancer)
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How many cancer patients use radiation?
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50%, alone or with another trtmt.
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What is radiation?
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high energy x-rays and radioactive isotopes
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What is biologic therapy?
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biologic substances to manipulate immune system to combat cancer
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What is glycoproteins(IL-2)?
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showing no side effects and that it works to combat cancer in biologic therapy
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What are 3 types of transplantation?
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allogenic, autologous, and syngenic
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What is an allogenic transplant?
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from another individual
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What is an autologous transplant?
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remove cells & treat externally
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What is a syngenic transplant?
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only identical twins
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Is transplant commonly used to cure cancer?
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NO
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What number killer is cardiovascular disease?
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1
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What is the leading cause of death in the US?
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heart disease
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What two classes did the New York Heart Association use?
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functional and therapeutic
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What is the functional class of NYHA?
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estimate of symptoms
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What is the therapeutic class of NYHA?
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recommended physical activity restrictions
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What are the 4 NYHA functional classes?
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Class I, II, III, IV
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What are the 3 symptoms of cardiovascular disase?
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high blood pressure, pain, and fatigue
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What is class I of NYHA functional classes?
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heart disease but no active symptoms
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What is class II of NYHA functional classes?
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comfortable at rest but has symptoms during ordinary physical activity
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What is class III of NYHA functional classes?
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comfortable at rest but has symptoms with less than ordinary activity
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What is class IV of NYHA functional classes?
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symptomatic while resting
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What are the NYHA therapeutic classes?
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Class A, B, C, D, E
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What is class A of NYHA therapeutic classes?
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No restrictions needed
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What is class B of NYHA therapeutic classes?
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No "severe" physical activity
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What is class C of NYHA therapeutic classes?
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Regular physical activity should be restricted
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What is class D of NYHA therapeutic classes?
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no physical activity
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What is class E of NYHA therapeutic classes?
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complete bed rest/in chair
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What is an example of how NYHA would give a complete classification using both functional and therapeutic classes?
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II-B or IV-E
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What are 6 specific heart diseases?
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valvular heart disease, mitral valve prolapse, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, hypertension
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What is valvular heart disease also known as?
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rheumatic heart disease
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What does valvular heart disease damage?
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valve tissue(mitral, aortic, tricuspid) resulting in stenosis
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What age group does valvular heart disease effect?
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typically around teens, very rare 30+
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What is mitral valve prolapse?
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clicking sound "systolic click murmur syndrome"; progressive degeneration of valve due to congenital defect or viral infection
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What are symptoms of mitral valve prolapse?
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chest pain, fatigue, palpitations, and a sense of anxiety
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What is cardiomyopathy?
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inflammation of the heart muscle (enlargement of the heart muscle-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy); nerve conduction in myocardium, resulting in cardiac irregularities; increased pressure;
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What are the 4 causes of cardiomyopathy?
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viral/bacterial infection, chemical exposure, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol abuse
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Which of the 4 causes of cardiomyopathy occurs in younger populations? viral/bacterial infection, chemical exposure, diabetes mellitus, alcohol abuse
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viral/bacterial cardiomyopathy
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T/F Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death in US.
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True
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What is coronary artery disease?
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restriction of blood flow results in insufficient oxygen delivered to heart; myocardium necrosis & arterial narrowing due to plaque deposits; anoxia results in angina pectoris, poor nerve conduction, and fibrillation; can be insidious in nature; pain & fatigue noted before heart interruption; many ppl have CAD w/out myocardial infarctions
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What are some causes of coronary artery disease?
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cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, stress, obesity, lack of exercise, and cigarette smoking
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T/F Congestive heart failure is a diagnosis.
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False, a symptom
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What is congestive heart failure?
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weakness of the heart muscle due to inflammation and blockages; cardiac hypertrophy in attempt to remain sufficient; thickening of myocardium, increasing risk of myocardial infarction;
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What is hypertension?
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insufficient pressure for blood flow to the body
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What are 9/10 hypertension cases caused by?
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Stress
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What is systole?
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pressure during muscle contraction propelling blood out of heart
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What is diastole?
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immediate pressure reading post-propulsion (at rest); if this is too great there is a problem;
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What are the measurements of hypertension?
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normal(lowest #), high normal, mild hypertension, moderate hypertension, severe hypertension, critical hypertension
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What is the cause for 95% of those with hypertension, "essential hyperstension"?
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no known cause
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What is the cause for 5% of hypertension "secondary hypertension"?
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kidney disease
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What are symptoms for hypertension?
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cardio symptoms, headaches, visual problems, nosebleeds
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Are the symptoms for essential hypertension & secondary hypertension different?
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No
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T/F Individuals with cardio problems are seen in acute setting.
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True
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What medications are for cardiovascular diseases?
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blood thinner (activase, coumadin), prescribed aspirin, ACE inhibitors (capoten), beta-blockers (lopressor)
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What are diagnostics for cardiovascular disease?
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physical, exercise testing, echocardiogram, electrocardiogram/Holter Monitor, cardiac radionuclide imaging, cardiac catherterization
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What is cardiac radionuclide imaging?
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used in diagnosing cardiovas. disease; injected into vein leading to hart which is viewed using a Gamma camera
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What is cardiac catheterization?
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used in diagnosing cardiovas. disease; dye is injected into heart via catheter and observed using X-rays
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What are treatments for cardiovascular disease?
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behavioral intervention(diet, exercise); stress management; medications; surgical intervention(agioplasty, bypass, prosthetic valve replacement, pacemaker, heart transplant)
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What is the name of the longest heart study going on?
|
Framingham heart study
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Can women have heart attacks too?
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yes
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What number killer is cerebrovascular accidents?
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3
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What is cerebrovascular accident also known as?
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stroke
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What is cerebrovascular accident?
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any loss of blood flow to the brain
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Is reoccurence common in cerebrovascular accidents?
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Yes
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How many arteries transport from heart to brain?
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4, CVAs most commonly occur when these are interrupted which results in anoxia
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What is the age range for cerebrovascular accidents?
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age 60-has occured as young as 17
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What are 5 typical CVAs?
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cerebral embolus, cerebral thrombus, cerebral aneurysm, cerebral vascular malformation, cerebral hypertensive hemorrhage
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What two CVAs are ischemic?
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cerebral embolus & cerebral thrombus
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What 3 CVAs are intercrannial hemorrhages?
|
cerebral aneurysm, cerebral vascular malformation, cerebral hypertensive hemorrhage
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What is cerebral embolus?
|
ischemic vascular disease; foreign substance in bloodstream delayed or stopped blood flow; brain damage & problems after 6-10 minutes; results in permanent neuro deficits
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What is cerebral thrombus?
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ischemic vascular disease; clot obstructs carotid/vetebral artery resulting in brain damage; can result in Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)-mini-stroke w/ no residual neuro damage; obstruction over several minutes leads to rapid deficiencies;
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What is cerebral aneurysm?
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intracranial hemorrhage; rupture of cerebral blood vessel, resulting in open bleeding; occurs in 5th decade of life=50yrs;
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What is cerebral vascular malformation?
|
intracranial hemorrhages; congenital disorder involving abnormal amts of cerebral vessels; vessels rupture due to entanglement; 50% CVMs before age 60;
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What is cerebral hypertensive hemorrhage?
|
intracranial hemorrhage; resulting from hypertension; pressure in cerebral vessels, leads to rupture; occur in cerebrum and brain stem: breathing, autonomic system, and hear beat; MOST DANGEROUS TYPE~fatal by 1mos post-CHH
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What are 4 neurological deficits from CVA?
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hemiplagia, hemiparesis, asomatagnosia, visual/hearing impairment;
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What is hemiplagia?
|
half body paralyzed; CVA symptom
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What is hemiparesis?
|
sensation but motor weakness; CVA symptom
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What is asomatagnosis?
|
phantom pain; CVA symptom
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When involving below the cerebrum, neurological defects are what?
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contralateral (most common)
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When involving above cerebrum neurological defects are?
|
ipsilateral
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What are 3 emotional deficits due to CVA?
|
lability-fluctuate from happy to sad; inappropriate behavior; depression;
|
|
What is the number one treatment for CVA?
|
craniectomy-get blood out
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What are treatments for CVAs?
|
craniectomy; blood thinners-for thrombus; treatment for neuro probs PT/OT/ST, behavioral modification, counseling; medication for hypertension (avapro);
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What are some considerations for CVAs?
|
not much warning & risk factors also anyone falls in them
|
|
What is diabetes?
|
class of diseases that are characterized by the human body's inability to metabolize glucose, resulting in defective insulin secretion and/or uptake; resulting in chronic hyperglycemia
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What number of death is diabetes?
|
6
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What is the dilemma for diabetes?
|
compliance-preventable factor
|
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What are the 3 main types of diabetes?
|
type I, type II, and gestational & others
|
|
What is type I diabetes?
|
AUTOIMMUNE disorder, does not produce insulin
|
|
What is type II diabetes?
|
METABOLIC disorder, cannot produce enough OR properly use insulin
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What is gestational diabetes?
|
Rare; pregnant women develop type II diabetes during pregnancy but remits after birth
|
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Which type of diabetes is more common?
|
Type II
|
|
What are some risk factors for type I diabetes?
|
caucasians get it more; no gender or age risks; seasonal trends-born in winter mos.; wheat, soy, cow's milk;
|
|
What are some risk factors for type II diabetes?
|
no gender risk; before age 30 is rare; African Americans at greatest risk; strong family history risk;
|
|
What are 3 classic symptoms of type I diabetes?
|
polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia, & weight loss
|
|
T/F Is type II diabetes very insidious in nature.
|
True
|
|
What some symptoms of Type I diabetes?
|
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycemic rxn; rarely Lactic Acidosis;
|
|
What are some symptoms of type II diabetes?
|
same acute symptoms for type I; add'l problematic long-term stage, such as: peripheral vascular disorders, peripheral neuropathy, LE amputations, retinopathy, leading cause of blindness 24-70, nephropathy, atherosclerosis, hypertension, abnormal blood lipid levels; erectile dysfunction;
|
|
What are 3 findings to diagnose diabetes?
|
1-fasting blood glucose over 126mg/dl-most common; 2-2hr blood glucose level over 200mg/dl during oral glucose test; 3-random blood glucose test over 200 mg/dl
|
|
Is there a cure for diabetes?
|
No
|
|
T/F Type I diabetes uses injectable insulin.
|
True
|
|
T/F Type II diabetes uses oral medication or injectable insulin.
|
True
|
|
What are 4 treatments for diabetes?
|
medication, nutrition, exercise, self-monitoring blood glucose
|
|
T/F Type II diabetes is in most cases preventable.
|
True
|
|
T/F Only 1 in 4 follow all 4 treatment modalities
|
true
|
|
What is most susceptible in respiratory dysfunction?
|
smooth muscle airways
|
|
T/F Spinal cord is most important "muscle" in body.
|
True
|
|
T/F COPD is a disease state.
|
False, COPD is a respiratory disorder or syndrome
|
|
Individuals w/ COPD have 1 or both of what?
|
emphysema & chronic bronchitis
|
|
What killer number is COPD?
|
4
|
|
What are the 5 specific diseases of respiratory dysfunction?
|
emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung disease(ILD);
|
|
What is COPD-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
|
accumulation of symptoms produced by respiratory diseases that result in a diagnosis if COPD
|
|
What are the 2 COPD symptoms?
|
1-decreased expiratory air flow pressure; 2-increased resistance to expiratory air flow-breathing thru straw
|
|
What is emphysema?
|
difficulty releasing air; lung tissue destruction due to enzymes released by WBCs; lungs remain in expanded position; alpha-1-antitrypsin: genetic condition that leads to emphysema;
|
|
What is emphysema's number one cause?
|
smoking
|
|
What are some symptoms of emphysema?
|
numerous upper respiratory infections; history of allergies; TYPE A COPD or "Pink Puffers"
|
|
What is chronic bronchitis?
|
airway inflammation & then excessive mucus secretion; typically caused by irritants or can be viral infection;
|
|
What is the number 1 irritant to chronic bronchitis?
|
smoking
|
|
What are the 2 reasons for obstruction with chronic bronchitis?
|
1-inflammation of tract lining narrowing air flow; 2-presence of mucus which will not allow air flow to pass;
|
|
What is chronic bronchitis also known as?
|
Type B COPD or "Blue Bloaters"
|
|
What is asthma?
|
episodic inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperreactivity;
|
|
Does asthma cause damage to lung tissue?
|
no, just small airways leading to lungs
|
|
What are 2 types of asthma?
|
extrinsic-triggered by external factors, allergens; intrinsic-attacks are caused by infections or physiological rxn
|
|
Can you have both types of asthma?
|
Yes, extrinsic & intrinsic
|
|
How can you diagnose respiratory dysfunctions?
|
PE & patient complaint, spirometer measurement, CBC, electrocardiogram, exercise testing
|
|
What is the treatments for respiratory dysfunctions?
|
bronchodilators, oxygen therapy, lung volume reduction surgery-emphysema NOT asthma, lung transplantation-greatest rejection rate of organ transplants;
|
|
What is cystic fibrosis?
|
GENETIC deficiency disease characterized by recurrent respiratory tract infections; 1 in 20 carry trait for CF; diagnosed by 6mos, life limited to 29yrs.; improper cellular retention of sodium chloride; dry mucus; individs can go asymptomatic until adolescence-later trigger more rapid decline in health;
|
|
How can you diagnose cystic fibrosis?
|
PE & history of respiratory infections during infancy/childhood; sweat test; DNA analysis;
|
|
What is the treatment for cystic fibrosis?
|
antibiotic therapy(flucloxacillin); pulmonary physical therapy-percussion on chest; nutritional support;
|
|
What is interstitial lung disease?
|
inflammation of alveolar walls inside of lungs; almost only from industrial irritants & ag byproducts;
|
|
What are some examples of ILD?
|
Black lung, Farmer's lung, Bird breeder's lung, silicosis, asbestosis;
|
|
What is the diagnosis of ILD?
|
PE, evaluation of job site, X-ray of lungs, spirometry, CBC;
|
|
What is the treatment for ILD?
|
job/hobby change; corticosteroid therapy; pulmonary physical therapy; lung transplantation;
|
|
What do kidneys do?
|
they filter the human body; sole purpose is to maintain chemical balance; only need 1 to survive
|
|
What are nephrons?
|
individual filtering units in kidneys; consist of 2 parts: glomerulus and tubules
|
|
What is the glomerulus?
|
fomation of capillary vessels
|
|
What are the tubules?
|
tube formation that extends from a membrane capsule over the glomerulus;
|
|
What are Bowman's capsule?
|
the membrane capsule that covers glomerulus;
|
|
What is the glomerulus' job?
|
retains blood cells and proteins while allowing waste products to pass thru; absorption & excretion process;
|
|
What is an example of the downward spiral if you have renal failure?
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lose excretion function, kidneys retain excess sodium, body retains water, edema increase lead to fluid volume pressure increase in body, weakens arteries, end result CVA
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What is acute renal failure?
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rapid decline of kidney function due to trauma, internal bleeding, or shock; very treatable;
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What is chronic renal failure?
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progressive decline, resulting in waste build up
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Symptoms of renal failure is similar to type II diabetes, and are?
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waxy appearance, fatigue, itchiness, loss of cognitive functioning, headaches, nausea/vomiting, malnutrition & weight loss;
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How can you diagnose for renal failure?
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physical exam w/ chief complaints (LBP & urination probs); lab testing to measure increase levels of trace minerals
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What are treatment option for renal failure?
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no cure; meds-calcium channel blockers (covera); 2 modalities: dialysis & transplantation;
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What are the 2 forms of dialysis?
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hemodialysis & peritoneal dialysis
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What is hemodialysis?
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circulated outside the body thru dialysis machine for waste product removal; performed 3x week; 3-5hrs session; major fatigue and loss of appetite;
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What is peritoneal dialysis?
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incision thru abdomen allowing surgical placement of catheter; allows waste products to pour out as sol'n (sterile dialysate) is put in; peritoneum is membrane; not as effective;
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T/F Tranplantation is the ideal treatment for renal failure?
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True
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How long is someone w/ renal failure expected to live?
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7.9 yrs
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What are rheumatic diseases?
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inflammatory conditions of joints or connective tissue;
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What 3 common tendencies do all rheumatic diseases share?
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1-insidious; 2-maintain fluctuating periods of exacerbations(bad) and remissions(not so bad); 3-resistant to medical therapy; NO CURES
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What are the 4 fundamental features of rheumatic disease?
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pain, inflammation, abnormality, fatigue
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What are 5 specific rheumatic diseases?
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rhematoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis, scleroderma, anklosing spondylitis;
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How many other than that 5 known rheumatic diseases are there?
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32
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What is rheumatoid arthritis?
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systemic disorder of the connective tissue-primary target includes joints
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What is synovium?
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joint endings
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T/F if rheumatoid arthritis involves the hands and wrists deformity is common.
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True
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T/F We know the cause of rheumatoid arthritis.
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False
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T/F We have see rheumatoid arthritis in history.
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False
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Is there a gender difference in rheumatoid arthritis?
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3x more likely to affect women than men
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How can you diagnose rheumatoid arthritis?
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erythrocyte sedimentation rate-increase in; increase in uric acid;
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What is osteoarthritis?
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aka "arthritis" and degenerative joint disease; not systemic; one of the oldest diseases documented; 2 forms primary and secondary; bone spurs; by age 65 everyone has;
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What are the 2 forms of osteoarthritis?
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primary-typical(age); secondary-trauma induced;
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Are joint replacements common for osteoarthritis?
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No, very rare.
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What is lupus?
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disorder of immune system resulting in connective tissue inflammation; no known cause; more common for women; AA and Hispanic more likely;
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What are symptoms of lupus?
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fatigue, rapid weight loss at first w/ return, and skin rash (butterfly rash); joint pain NOT major symptom; numerous body system complications-renal disease, CVA, lung & heart lining inflammation; depression;
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What are ways to diagnose lupus?
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clinical reports of fatigue and rapid weight loss, skin exams; fluorescent antinuclear antibody test-use fluorescenscopy
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What is scleroderma?
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inflammatory disorder affecting connective tissue & organ systems, resulting in fibrous tissue; targets-skin, joints, lungs, GI tract, and heart; results in functional difficulties; Pain;
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T/F Patients with scleroderma have a higher cold tolerance.
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True
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T/F Patients w/ scleroderma may need amputation esp fingers.
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True
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What is ankylosing spondylitis?
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inflammation of synovial lining of the spine; slowly progressive-involves entire spine; increased amt of pain from lumbar to cervical spine; leads to fibrous ankylosis of snyovium; when fusion complete pain is gone; no other symptoms during or after fusion; no surgical intervention possible;
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