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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the three different types of fats
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Triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids
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Fat that is unlimited stored form of energy
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Triglycerides
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Fat only found in animal produce
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Cholesterol
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Phosphate lipid combo, part of cellular structures, not associated with disease
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Phospholipids
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Name the three types of triglycerides
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Saturated, polyunsat, monosat
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Decreases LDL, slightly decreases HDL
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polyunsat
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Decrease LDL, No effect on HDL
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monounsat
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elevate primarily LDL, and slightly increase HDL
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transfatty acids
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Besides animals what also has sat fats
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palm/coconut oils
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Where is cholesterol produced?
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Liver
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Dietary Guidelines compared to what America gets for cholesterol
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300 mg/day compared to 500-600 per day
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What does cholesterol help in?
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makes bile, hormones, sex hormones, myelin sheeth.
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How much worse is trans-fatty acids than saturated fats?
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2 times
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What is a manufactured fat?
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transfatty acids
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Rank fatty acids in order worst to best
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trans, sat, poly, mono
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What effects does smoking have on cholesterol?
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smoking causes lower HDL, once quitting the HDL increases
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What effects does alcohol have on cholesterol?
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moderate intake increases HDL, excessive intake associated with elevated TG
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effects of estrogen on cholesterol
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higher HDL, HDL decreases after menopause
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3 effects of female MI
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fatigue, SOB, anxiety
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LDL and TC levels to stop progression of disease
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LDL less than 160, if you have hypertension and smoke than 130.
total cholesterol less than 200 |
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To have regression what are the levels of LDL and total cholesterol?
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less than 100 LDL and less than 180 total
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The atherosclerotic process....
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Endothelial injury, placque formation, endothelial dysfunction, rupture, clotting, inflammation
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When is endothelial injury serious?
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if chronic and increased LDL which causes atherogenesis
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What is atherogenesis?
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placque formation
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How is endothelial injury caused?
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Smoking, hypertension, atherogenic lipoprotein, hyperglycemia, turbulent blood flow, viral or bacterial infection
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Order of events for formation of plaque
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macrophage adhesion, smooth muscle proliferation and foam cell formation, mature plaque w/ fibrous cap
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Biomarkers for inflammation
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homocysteine, c-reactive protein
emerging risk factors--leukuteine, placental growth factor protein |
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Plaques accumulate in the tiniest arteres of the heart
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coronary microvascular syndrome
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What did WISE study find?
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small vessel heart disease go onto develop large blockages over the next decade
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Order to MI
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atherosclerosis, blockage, myocardial ischemia, myocardia O2 imbalance, Angina, MI
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Earliest sign of atherosclerosis
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fatty streak formation
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If you have angina pain than...
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you will have 50-75% occluded coronary arteries.
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If you can cut cholesterol by 40 than
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you can cut cholesterol in half.
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