Hsc 150 Midterm 2

Front 1

Aneurysm

Back 1

localized widening ofartery due to a weakness in arterial wall

Front 2

Angina Pecoris

Back 2

severe chest paincaused by myocardial ischemia

Front 3

Arrhythmia

Back 3

irregular heart beat

Front 4

Arteriosclerotic heart disease

Back 4

arteriosclerosis oratherosclerosis of coronary arteries

Front 5

Bradycardia

Back 5

abnormally slow heartrate below 60 beats per minute

Front 6

Cardiac catheterization

Back 6

passage of thin tubethrough veins or arteries leading into heart for diagnostic or therapeuticpurposes

Front 7

cardiac arrest

Back 7

complete stoppage ofelectrical signals and contractions in the heart

Front 8

congestive heart failure

Back 8

condition that develops when heart muscle is not able to pump blood forcefully enough,reducing blood flow to body; results in weakness, dyspnea, and edema

Front 9

coronary artery bypass graft

Back 9

surgery in whichblood vessel is graft to route blood around occluded coronary artery

Front 10

deep vein thrombosis

Back 10

formation of bloodclots in deep veins;

Front 11

defribillation

Back 11

using defibrillatorto give electrical shock to heart fro purpose of converting arrhythmia back tonormal heart beat (cardioversion)

Front 12

embolus

Back 12

a mass of undissolvedmatter present in a blood or lymphatic vessels may be gas, liquid or solid

Front 13

endocarditis

Back 13

inflammation of innerlining of heart

Front 14

fibrillation

Back 14

abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; atrial fibrillation may be chronic; ventricular fibrillation results in cardiac arrest

Front 15

heart murmur

Back 15

abnormal heart sound

Front 16

hypertension

Back 16

blood pressure above normal range; usually systolic pressure above 140mmHg or diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg

Front 17

hypotension

Back 17

decrease in blood pressure

Front 18

infarct

Back 18

area of tissue necrosis that develops from ischemia

Front 19

ischemia

Back 19

a temporary deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue

Front 20

lumen

Back 20

space within a tube, or vessel

Front 21

myocardial infarction

Back 21

heart attack: infarct of heart muscle cause by occlusion of one or more of coronary arteries

Front 22

occlusion

Back 22

blockage of blood vessel or other hollow structure

Front 23

pacemaker

Back 23

electrical devicethat artificially stimulates contraction of heart muscle

Front 24

peripheral vascular disease

Back 24

disease of bloodvessel away form central region of bodybody

Front 25

stenosis

Back 25

narrowing of a passage or orifice

Front 26

stent

Back 26

tube place within blood vessel or duct to widen lumen

Front 27

tachycardia

Back 27

abnormally fast heart rate, more than 100 beats per minute

Front 28

thrombosis

Back 28

the formation or presence of a blood clot within the vascular system

Front 29

thrombus

Back 29

a blood clot that adheres to the wall of a blood vessel or organ

Front 30

varicose veins

Back 30

swollen and distended veins

Front 31

venipuncture

Back 31

puncture into a vein to withdraw blood or inject medication or fluids

Front 32

anemia

Back 32

group of blood disorders involving either a reduction in number of circulating erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells; results in decreased oxygen delivery to tissues

Front 33

anticoagulant

Back 33

any substance that prevents clot formation

Front 34

aplastic anemia

Back 34

severe form of anemia caused by loss of functionred bone marrow

Front 35

autotransfusion

Back 35

collecting and storing one’s own blood to use to replace blood lost during surgery

Front 36

blood transfusion

Back 36

transfer of blood from one person to another

Front 37

coagulate

Back 37

formation of blood clot

Front 38

complete blood count

Back 38

blood test that includes red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count

Front 39

hematocrit

Back 39

blood test that meassures volume of red blood cells within total volume of blood

Front 40

hematoma

Back 40

blood collection under skin by escaping into tissue from damaged blood vessel

Front 41

hemophilia

Back 41

inherited lack of vital clotting factor; results in inability to stop bleeding

Front 42

leukemia

Back 42

cancer of leukocyte-forming red bone marrow; large number of abnormal and immature leukocytes circulating in blood

Front 43

pernicious anemia

Back 43

anemia resulting from insufficient vitamin B12

Front 44

phlebotomy

Back 44

removal of blood specimen from vein for laboratory tests (venipuncture)

Front 45

plasma

Back 45

the liquid part of blood and lymph

Front 46

platelets

Back 46

cells responsible for coagulation of blood

Front 47

prothrombin time

Back 47

blood test that measure how long it takes for clot to form

Front 48

septicemia

Back 48

presence of bacteria or their toxins in bloodstream

Front 49

sickle cell anemia

Back 49

inherited blood cell disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curve shape

Front 50

allergy

Back 50

hypersensitivity to a common substance in environment

Front 51

anaphylactic shock anaphylaxis

Back 51

life-threatening condition resulting from severe allergic reaction causing cardiovascular and respiratory problems

Front 52

antihistamine

Back 52

medication that blocks effects of histamine released by body during allergic reaction

Front 53

autoimmune disease

Back 53

disease resulting from body’s immune system attacking its own cells as if they were pathogens

Front 54

corticosteroids

Back 54

hormones produced by adrenal cortex; used as medication for anti-inflammatory properties

Front 55

edema

Back 55

local or generalized condition in which body tissues contain an excessive amount of tissue fluid in the interstitial spaces (swelling)

Front 56

hives

Back 56

common name for appearance of wheals during allergic reaction

Front 57

hodgkin lymphoma

Back 57

cancer of lymphatic cells found in lymph nodes (Hodgkin Disease)

Front 58

immunodeficiency

Back 58

having an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens

Front 59

immunosuppressant

Back 59

medication to block certain actions of immune system

Front 60

inflammation

Back 60

tissue response to injury; characterized by redness, pain, swelling and feeling hot to touch

Front 61

lymphedema

Back 61

edema appearing in extremities due to obstruction of lymph flow through lymphatic vessels

Front 62

scratch test

Back 62

type of allergy testing in which body is exposed to allergens through a light scratch in skin

Front 63

systemic lupus erythematosus

Back 63

autoimmune disease in which immune system attacks connective tissue throughout the body such as in joints and skin

Front 64

urticaria

Back 64

severe itching associated with hives, usually seen in allergic reactions to food, stress or medications

Front 65

vaccination

Back 65

exposure to weakened pathogen to stimulate immune response and antibody production to give future protection against full-blown disease (immunization)

Front 66

apnea

Back 66

without breath

Front 67

asphyxia/asphyxiation

Back 67

lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness and death, suffocation

Front 68

aspirate

Back 68

inhaling fluid or foreign object into airways

Front 69

asthma

Back 69

disease caused by various conditions, such as allergies, or stress and resulting in bronchospasm, excessive mucus production, inflammation, airway constriction, wheezing and coughing

Front 70

atelectasis

Back 70

condition which lung tissue collapses, preventing respiratory exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Front 71

bronchodilator

Back 71

any medication that causes bronchi to dilate

Front 72

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Back 72

progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible condition in which air flow to and from lungs in decreased; emphysema + chronic bronchitis (COPD)

Front 73

cystic fibrosis

Back 73

genetic condition that causes patient to produce very thick mucus resulting in severe congestion within lungs and digestive system

Front 74

emphysema

Back 74

pulmonary condition resulting from destruction of alveolar walls leading to overinflated alveoli

Front 75

endotracheal intubation

Back 75

placing tube through mouth and into trachea to maintain open airway and facilitate artificial ventilation

Front 76

hypoxemia

Back 76

deficiency of oxygen in blood

Front 77

hypoxia

Back 77

having insufficient amount of oxygen in tissues

Front 78

orthopnea

Back 78

patient who needs to sit up straight in order to breathe comfortably

Front 79

phlegm

Back 79

thick mucus in the respiratory tract

Front 80

pleurisy

Back 80

inflammation of pleura

Front 81

plural effusion

Back 81

abnormal presence of fluid or gas in pleural cavity

Front 82

pneumonia

Back 82

acute inflammatory condition of lung (can be bacterial, viral or fungal)

Front 83

pneumothorax

Back 83

collection of air or gas in pleural cavity, which can result in collapse of lung

Front 84

pulmonary edema

Back 84

condition in which lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid results in dyspnea

Front 85

purulent

Back 85

pus filled sputum

Front 86

respiration

Back 86

the interchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the lungs

Front 87

sputum

Back 87

mucus or phlegm that is coughed up and spit out from respiratory tract

Front 88

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Back 88

unexpected and unexplained death of apparently well infant, that stops breathing while sleeping

Front 89

upper respiratory infection

Back 89

an infection involving the nasal passages, pharynx, and bronchi

Front 90

ventilation

Back 90

the movement of air into and out of the lungs

Front 91

ventilator

Back 91

mechanical device to assist patient to breath (respirator)

Front 92

vital signs

Back 92

respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature and blood pressure

Front 93

ascites

Back 93

accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity

Front 94

barium enema

Back 94

X-ray examination of intestine and colon using barium as contrast medium

Front 95

cirrhosis

Back 95

chronic liver disease

Front 96

Chrohn disease

Back 96

chronic inflammatory bowel disease with mucus membrane ulcers

Front 97

dysentery

Back 97

acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stools

Front 98

gastric bypass

Back 98

surgical treatment for obesity; portion of stomach is staple off and bypasses so that it hold less food

Front 99

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Back 99

occurs when stomach acid backs up into esophagus

Front 100

hemorrhoids

Back 100

varicose veins in rectum

Front 101

irritable bowel syndrome

Back 101

disturbance in normal functioning of bowel symptoms; abdominal pain & diarrhea

Front 102

jaundice

Back 102

yellow-colored skin and whites of eyes associated with liver disease

Front 103

nausea

Back 103

feeling of urge to vomit

Front 104

peptic ulcer disease

Back 104

craterlike erosion occurring on mucus membrane of lower esophagus, stomach and/or duodenum

Front 105

total parental nutrition

Back 105

nutrient-complete solution given directly into blood stream when person cannot eat by mouth

Front 106

ulcerative colitis

Back 106

chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by formation of ulcers on mucus membrane of colon

Front 107

barium swallow

Back 107

X-ray examination of esophagus and stomach using barium as a contrast medium

Front 108

volvulus

Back 108

length of bowel that becomes twisted around itself

Front 109

upper gastrointestinal series

Back 109

administering of barium contrast material orally and then taking X-ray to visualize esophagus, stomach and duodenum (barium swallow)

Front 110

lower gastrointestinal series

Back 110

X-ray image of colon and rectum is taken after administration of barium dye by enema (barium enema)

Front 111

diverticulitis

Back 111

inflammation of the diverticulum (an out pouching of the gut), especially in the colon; inflammation often results when food becomes trapped within pouch

Front 112

diverticulosis

Back 112

condition of having diverticula (an out pouching off the gut)

Front 113

polyp

Back 113

small tumor with pedicle or stem attachment; commonly found on mucous membranes such as lining of colon; may be pre-cancerous

Front 114

melena

Back 114

passage of dark tarry stools, color is result of digestive enzymes working on blood in stool

Front 115

emesis

Back 115

vomiting

Front 116

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Back 116

noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland

Front 117

blood urea nitrogen

Back 117

blood test to determine kidney function by measuring level of urea, in blood

Front 118

calculus

Back 118

stone formed within organ

Front 119

catheter

Back 119

flexible tube inserted into body for the purpose of moving fluids into or out of body (in urinary system used to drain urine from bladder)

Front 120

cryptorchism

Back 120

congenital anomaly involving failure of one or both of testes to descend into scrotal sac before birth

Front 121

digital rectal exam

Back 121

direct examination for the presence of enlarged prostate gland performed by palpating prostate gland with finger through wall of rectum

Front 122

enuresis

Back 122

involuntary urination (urinary incontinence)

Front 123

erectile dysfunction

Back 123

inability to achieve erection of penis for coitus (impotence-old term)

Front 124

hemodialysis

Back 124

treatment for renal failure using artificial kidney to filter waste from blood

Front 125

hesitancy

Back 125

state of difficulty initiating flow of urine

Front 126

hydrocele

Back 126

accumulation of fluid within scrotum

Front 127

lithotripsy

Back 127

destroying or crushing stones in bladder or urethra

Front 128

peritoneal dialysis

Back 128

artificial means to remove waste substance from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solution into peritoneal cavity

Front 129

phimosis

Back 129

narrowing of prepuce over glans penis

Front 130

renal failure

Back 130

inability of kidneys to filter wastes from blood and/or produce urine

Front 131

urgency

Back 131

force or impulse of needing to urinate immediately

Front 132

urinalysis

Back 132

laboratory test: physical chemical & microscopic examination of urine

Front 133

urinary catheterization

Back 133

insertion of flexible tube, catheter, into urinary bladder through urethra to withdraw urine or insert dye

Front 134

urinary tract infection

Back 134

infection of urethra and/or urinary bladder

Front 135

variocele

Back 135

development of varicose veins of veins leading to testes in scrotum

Front 136

abruptio placentae

Back 136

emergency condition occurring when placenta tears away form uterine wall prior to birth of fetus; requires baby’s immediate birth

Front 137

cesarean section

Back 137

surgical birth of baby thorough incision into abdominal and uterine walls

Front 138

conization

Back 138

surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue for biopsy

Front 139

cystocele

Back 139

hernia or outpouching of bladder protrudes into vagina

Front 140

dilation and curretage

Back 140

surgical procedure consisting of widening cervix and scraping out of endometrial lining

Front 141

ectopic pregnancy

Back 141

pregnancy occurring outside of uterus

Front 142

endometriosis

Back 142

endometrial tissue appears throughout abdominopelvic cavity

Front 143

fibroid tumor

Back 143

benign tumor of fiberlike tissue

Front 144

fistula

Back 144

abnormal passagewaythat develops between two structures

Front 145

infertility

Back 145

no pregnancy afterproperly timed intercourse for one year

Front 146

pap (papanicolaou) smear

Back 146

test for earlydetection of cervical cancer; cells are removed from cervix by simple scrapingand examined under microscope

Front 147

pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 147

chronic or acuteinfection that ascends through female reproductive tract and into pelvic cavity

Front 148

placenta previa

Back 148

placenta forms in lower portion of uterus and blocks the birth canal

Front 149

premature birth

Back 149

birth of fetus before 37 weeks of gestation

Front 150

premenstrual syndrome

Back 150

symptoms that develop just prior to onset of menstrual period; can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety

Front 151

prolapsed uterus

Back 151

fallen uterus that can cause cervix to protrude through vaginal opening

Front 152

rectocele

Back 152

protrusion or herniation of rectum into vagina

Front 153

spontaneous abortion

Back 153

discharge of embryo form uterus before about the 20th week of gestation (miscarriage)

Front 154

alzheimer disease

Back 154

chronic brain condition involving progressivedisorientation, speech and gait disturbances, and loss of memory

Front 155

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Back 155

disease with muscular weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of spinal cord (Lou Gehrig disease)

Front 156

anticonvulsant

Back 156

medication to rescue excitability of neurons and to prevent uncontrolled neuron activity associated with seizures

Front 157

central nervous system

Back 157

the portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain an spinal cord

Front 158

cerebral contusion

Back 158

bruising of brain from impact; symptoms last longer than 24 hours and include unconsciousness, dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size, and shock

Front 159

cerebral palsy

Back 159

non progressive brain damage resulting from defect in fetal development or trauma or oxygen deprivation at time of birth

Front 160

cerebrovascular accident

Back 160

development of brain infarct due to loss in blood supply to brain (CVA)

Front 161

coma

Back 161

profound unconsciousness or stupor resulting from illness or injury

Front 162

concussion

Back 162

injury to brain when brain is shaken inside skull due to impact; symptoms last 24 hours or less and can include dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size and shock

Front 163

delirium

Back 163

state of mental confusion with lack of orientation to time and place

Front 164

dementia

Back 164

progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing activities of daily living

Front 165

epilepsy

Back 165

recurrent disorder of brain; seizures and loss of consciousness occur as result of uncontrolled neuron electrical activity

Front 166

hemiplegia

Back 166

paralysis on only one side of body

Front 167

hydrocephalus

Back 167

buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain

Front 168

lumbar puncture

Back 168

puncture with needle into lumbar vertebral area to withdraw fluid for examination or injection of medication (spinal tap)

Front 169

migraine

Back 169

specific type of headache characterized by sever head pain, sensitivity to light, dizziness, and nausea

Front 170

multiple sclerosis

Back 170

inflammatory autoimmune disease of central nervous system; immune system damages myelin around neurons and results in extreme weakness and numbness

Front 171

paralysis

Back 171

temporary or permanent loss of muscle function and movement

Front 172

paraplegia

Back 172

paralysis of the lower portion of body and both legs

Front 173

parkinson disease

Back 173

chronic disorder of the nervous system with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, and shuffling gait

Front 174

peripheral nervous system

Back 174

the portion of the nervous system consisting of cranial nerves & spinal nerves

Front 175

quadriplegia

Back 175

paralysis of all four extremities,

Front 176

seizure

Back 176

sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms; a convulsion or other clinically detectable event caused by a sudden discharge of electrical activity in the brain

Front 177

shunt

Back 177

artificially passage to divert flow from one main route to another

Front 178

spinal cord injury

Back 178

damage to spinal cord as are result of trauma

Front 179

subdural hematoma

Back 179

mass of blood forming underneath the dura matter when meninges are torn by trauma

Front 180

syncope

Back 180

fainting

Front 181

transient ischemic attack

Back 181

temporary reduction of blood supply to brain; causes symptoms such as syncope, numbness, and hemiplegia

Front 182

acromegaly

Back 182

chronic condition developing in adults with excessive growth hormone; results in elongation and enlargement of bones of head and extremities

Front 183

cretinism

Back 183

congenital condition causing lack of thyroid hormones; results in poor physical and mental development

Front 184

cushing syndrome

Back 184

condition resulting from hypersecretion of adrenal cortex; symptoms include weakness, edema, excess hair growth, skin discoloration and osteoporosis

Front 185

diabetes mellitus

Back 185

chronic disorder of sugar metabolism; symptoms include hyperglycemia and glycosuria

Front 186

dwarfism

Back 186

being excessively short in height; can result form lack of growth hormone

Front 187

exophthalamus

Back 187

condition in which eyeballs protrude

Front 188

fasting blood sugar

Back 188

blood test to measure amount of sugar in blood stream after 12-hour fast

Front 189

gigantism

Back 189

excessive growth of body due to hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child or teenager

Front 190

glucose tolerance test

Back 190

test to determine blood sugar level; measured dose of glucose given to patient either orally or intravenously; blood samples drawn at certain intervals to determine ability of patient to use glucose; used for diabetic patients to determine their insulin response to glucose

Front 191

goiter

Back 191

enlargement of the thyroid gland

Front 192

graves disease

Back 192

condition resulting from hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

Front 193

thyrotoxicosis

Back 193

condition resulting from extreme hypersecretion of thyroid gland; symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarged thyroid gland, exophthalmos, and weight loss

Front 194

type I diabetes mellitus

Back 194

pancreas stops producing insulin; can be autoimmune disease, tends to develop early in life

Front 195

type II diabetes mellitus

Back 195

pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but cells fail to respond; tends to develop later in life

Front 196

viralism

Back 196

male secondary characteristics in the female