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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does "Impact" refer to?
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High impact- both feet off floor
Low impact- one foot on the floor Non impact- neither foot strikes the floor |
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What does weight bearing refer to?
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Full weight- standing
partially weight- sitting Non weight- swimming |
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What is the cardiorespiratory system composed of?
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Cardiovascular system- heart and blood vessels
Respiratory system- lungs |
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What does the CR system do?
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Distribution
Regulation Protection |
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How does the Regulation work?
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In CR system:
- body temp dissipated through skin - pH maintained by buffering lactic acid - fluid volume gets blood to high priority aread |
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How does Distribution work?
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In CR system:
-delivers nutrients like oxygen, carbs, fate, proteins, vits and mins - removes waste like CO2, lactic acid, and urea |
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How does Protection work?
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In CR system:
- prevent blood loss by increasing platlets - prevents infection by increasing white blood cells |
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What's the path of blood through the heart?
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Enters vena cavae.
into R atrium and ventricle (O2 poor) Out to lungs into L atrium (via pulmonary vein) and ventricle (O2 rich) Out Aorta |
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What makes the heart beat?
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SA node (triggered by danger of O2 need)
impulse at approx 70bpm to AV node to Bundle of His to R and L bundle branches to Purkinje fibers |
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What is the lub-dub caused by?
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blood being forced through valves at the end of each contraction
1st occurs when atrioventricular valves close 2nd occurs when semilunar valves close |
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What electrical impulse can restart or regulate a heart?
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AED Automatic External Defibrillator
arrythmia-irregular heartbeat |
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What is blood made up of and what are the components known for?
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55% plasma - 90% water
45% red blood cells - carry O2 and CO2 - made of hemoglobin (iron and protein-anemia, fatigue) that likes CO <1%white blood cells- detroy foreign sustances <1%platelets- blood clotting |
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What kinds of blood vessels are there?
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Arteries
Capillaries Veins |
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What do Arteries do?
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A blood vessel:
Carry O2 away from the heart -thick elastic walls -layer of smooth muscle -high pressure -delicate endothelial cells |
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What is artherosclerosis?
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damage to endothelial cells of arteries that contributes to the clogging of the arteries
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What do Capillaries do?
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A blood vessel:
Allow gas exchange btw lungs and blood, and blood and cells -smallest blood vessel -one cell thick -one single file of red blood cells |
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What is blood doping?
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extracting blood, taking red blood cells, freezing them, and re-injecting them later for greater O2 capacity
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What does hematocrit refer to?
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# of cells in blood
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What do Veins do?
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A blood vessel:
Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart. (except Pulmonary) -need valves to assist with blood flow |
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What does Valsalva refer to?
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-Maneuver of holding breath during resistance training exertion
-Bc Veins are low pressure, a contracting muscle can cause them to collapse |
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What are varicose veins and where do they come from?
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-occur when the valves of the veins in the legs allow blood to leak back towards the feet.
-creates stagnate blood that protrudes to the surface |
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How does blood Circulation work?
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O2 poor blood to heart then lungs
O2 rich blood from heart through Aorta to arteries, arterioles (small arteries), and capillaries to cells O2 poor blood to capillaries, venules (small veins), and veins then back to heart via the vena cavae |
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What is the respiratory system and how does it work?
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Supplies O2 and Removes CO2.
Air flows through Nose/ mouth trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli to the capillary exchange (Pulmonary vein is red, Pulmonary artery is blue) |
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What elements does the physiology of the CR system include?
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Heart Rate
Stroke Volume Cardiac Output Arterial-Venous Oxygen Difference |
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What is the heart rate?
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How many time the heart contracts every minute.
-About 70bpm as rest -Can increase to 200+ during exercise -Decreases due to exercise |
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What is the stroke volume?
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Volume of blood pumped per stroke.
The bigger and stronger the heart, the more blood it can pump per beat. -Increases due to exercise |
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What is cardiac output?
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The amount of blood pumped per minute.
- Maximal cardiac output increases due to exercise. |
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How do your determine cardiac output mathematically?
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resting heart rate x stroke volume = Cardiac output
beats/min x mL/beats = mL/min (example 70x70 =4900) |
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What is the arterial venous oxygen difference?
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(a-v) O2
efficiency of oxygen extraction at cellular level mL O2/ dL blood - mL = (a-v)O2 Should increase due to exercise. |
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What are the elements of the CardioVascular system?
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Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Maximal Oxygen Consumption (mL/kg/min) |
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What does blood pressure refer to and what is a normal blood pressure?
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The force exerted on the blood vessel walls
120/80 Systolic on top with the pressure of the contracting heart. Diastolic on the bottom with the pressure of the relaxed heart. |
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What does Maximal Oxygen Consumption refer to?
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this refers to the VO2 max (increase of the stroke volume and O2 increase)
avarage 35- 90 (HR x SV)(a-v)O2 |
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What fuel is used for energy?
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Adenosine Triphosphate
Phosphocreatine Carbohydrate (Glucose, Glycogen) Fat ((Free Fatty Acids, Triglycerides) Protein (Amino Acids) |
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What is ATP and PC/CP?
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Its the basic form of energy used by cells... with the energy stored in the last phosphate bond.
Replenishes ATP. |
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How do Carbs, Fat, and Protein provide energy?
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Carbs are broken down into glucose... enhances your ability store glycogen.
Fatty acids attached to glycerol. Proteins are used for growth and repair. |
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How is fuel converted into energy? ATP/PC, anaerobic, Aerobic.
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-ATP+H2O --> ADP+P+energy
PCr+ADP --> ATP+Cr -Glucose --> 2 ATP - Glucose+O2 ---> 36-38 ATP Fatty Acid+O2 -->129 ATP Amino Acid+O2--> 15 ATP |
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How do the three basic energy systems work together?
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ATP-CP dies off in 20 secs-1min
Anaerobic system spikes at a min and decreases to 45mins Aerobic system steadily increases till it plateaus at an hour |
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How is fuel utilized during exercise?
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Fat, Blood, Glucose, and muscle glycogen are the primary fuels. Afterwards, carbs must be consumed.
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How is an aerobic fitness level assessed?
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Lab assessments (measured), estimates gas exchange
Field Assessments (estimate, 1 mile walk or 1.5 mile run) |
