Hs: Week 4: Abdomen I

Front 1

Which blood vessels are transmitted by the greater omentum?

Back 1

R and L gastroepiploic AA

Front 2

The right gastroepiploic A branches from where?

Back 2

Gastroduodenal A

Front 3

The left gastroepiploic A branches from where?

Back 3

Splenic A

Front 4

The right gastric A branches from where?

Back 4

Proper hepatic A

Front 5

What structure "plugs the hernal neck" to prevent coils of small intestine from protruding, and also prevents the diffusion of peritonitis?

Back 5

Greater omentum

Front 6

The mesentery proper extends from the ________ junction to the ________ junction.

How long is the root?
How long is the edge?

Back 6

Duodenojejunal junction to the ileocecal junction.

Root = 6 inches long
Edge = 20 feet

Front 7

The mesentery proper contains which arteries?

Back 7

Superior mesenteric A and its branches

(mesentery proper contains small intestine)

Front 8

Which artery can be found in the transverse mesocolon?

Back 8

Middle colic A and branches

Front 9

Which ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm?

Back 9

Falciform ligament

Front 10

What forms the anatomical border between the right and left lobes of the liver?

Back 10

Falciform ligament

Front 11

Sickle shaped, double-layer peritoneum.

Back 11

Falciform ligament.

Front 12

Name the fibrous remnant of the Left umbilical V that is found at the free edge of the Falciform ligament.

Back 12

Round ligament of liver
(Ligamentum teres)

Front 13

Which ligaments are found at the right and left edges of the coronary ligament?

Back 13

Right and left triangular ligaments.

Front 14

The paraumbilical V communicates between which vessels?

In which ligament is this vein found?

Back 14

Communicates between the L branch of the portal V and radicles of the epigastric VV.

Found in the falciform ligament--virtually closed, but they dilate in the case of portal hypertension.

Front 15

Name the communication between the greater and lesser sacs.

Back 15

Epiploic foramen

Front 16

What structure forms the posterior wall of the epiploic foramen?

Back 16

Inferior vena cava

Front 17

Potential space b/w parietal and visceral peritoneum

Back 17

Peritoneal space

Front 18

Name the 3 recesses of the lesser sac.

Back 18

1. Superior recess (behind liver)
2. Inferior recess
3. Splenic/left recess

Front 19

The splenic A,V and the body and tail of the pancreas are found within which ligament?

Back 19

Lienorenal (splenorenal) Ligament

Front 20

Short gastric vessels can be found within which ligament?

Back 20

Gastrolienal ligament

Front 21

Name 9 retroperitoneal structures.

Back 21

1. Duodenum (except 1st part--hepatoduodenal L)
2. Ascending colon
3. Descending colon
4. Pancreas (except tail--Lienorenal L)
5. Kidneys
6. Suprarenal glands
7. Ureters
8. Aorta
9. IVC

Front 22

What causes Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

Back 22

Lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction and hiatal hernia, causing reflux of stomach contents.

Front 23

Which disease has symptoms of heart burn or acid indigestion, painful swallowing, burping, and feeling of fullness in the chest.

Back 23

Gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Front 24

What is a hiatal hernia?

What causes it?

Back 24

Herniaton of a part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity.

Caused by large hiatus, weakened lower esophageal sphincter, or by an increased pressure in the abdomen.

Front 25

What features of the stomach guide fluid from the lesser curvature to the pyloric area?

Back 25

Rugae (longitudinal ridges).

Front 26

What can cause erosion of the mucosa, resulting in a peptic ulcer?

Back 26

1. Heliobacter pylori
2. Acid and pepsin
3. Stress and anxiety

Front 27

Where do peptic ulcers most commonly occur?

Back 27

1. Pyloric region of the stomach (gastric ulcer)
2. First part of the duodenum (duodenal ulcer)

Front 28

If a perforation in the stomach exists, contents will flow into what space?

What structures are at risk for erosion?

Back 28

Lesser sac

Can erode the pancreas and Splenic A.

Front 29

Erosion of the stomach mucosa without perforation will trigger which type of pain fibers?

Erosion WITH perforation will trigger which pain fibers?

Back 29

without perforation = VISCERAL/autonomic pain fibers (dull pain)

with perforation = SOMATIC pain fibers (sharp, terrible pain).

Front 30

What area of the liver is found between the coronary ligaments?

Back 30

Bare area
(directly contacts diahragm)

Front 31

Which lobe of the liver is found between the IVC and the ligamentum venosum?

Which lobe is found between the gall bladder and the round ligament?

Back 31

Caudate lobe (superior)

Quadrate lober (inferior)

Front 32

Which structures enter the porta hepatis?

Back 32

1. Common bile duct
2. Proper hepatic A and branches
3. Hepatic portal V

Front 33

List 8 functions of the liver.

Back 33

1. Production of bile (emulsify fats)
2. Detoxification (chemicals and drugs)
3. Storage of carbohydrates as glycogen and lipids as triglycerides
4. Protein synthesis (prothrombin, fibrinogen, albumin, and lipoproteins)
5. Production of heparin
6. Bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin)
7. Storage of vitamins, iron and copper
8. Manufacture of RBCs in fetus

Front 34

What causes liver cirrhosis?

What does liver cirrhosis cause?

Back 34

Liver cells are destroyed and replaced by fibrous tissues that surround blood vessels, impeding circulation and causing portal hypertension.

Front 35

Esophageal varices, spider nevi, hemorrhoids, caput medusae, ascites, and splenomegaly are all symptoms of which condition?

Back 35

Portal hypertension

Front 36

Alcohol abuse, hepatitis B,C,D and, and ingestion of poisons can all cause what condition?

Back 36

liver cirrhosis/portal hypertension.

Front 37

The fundus of the gallbladder is in contact with which organ?

The body of the gallbladder is in contact with which organ?

Back 37

fundus --> Transverse colon

body --> duodenum

Front 38

Which 2 major arteries supply the pancreas?

Back 38

1. Celiac trunk--> Superior pancreaticoduodenal AA, Dorsal pancreatic AA
2. Superior mesenteric branches --> Inferior pancreaticoduodenal AA

Front 39

Which two ducts join to form the common bile duct?

Back 39

Common hepatic and cystic ducts

Front 40

List 3 components of gall stones.

Back 40

1. Cholesterol crystals
2. Bile pigment
3. Calcium

Front 41

Gallstones commonly occur in what type of patients?

Back 41

Fat, fertile, females over forty-years old.

Front 42

Gallstones in the fundus of the gallbladder may ulcerate through the wall of the FUNDUS of the gallbladder into which organ?

Or stones can ulcerate through the wall of the BODY of the gall bladder into which organ?

Back 42

Through fundus --> Transverse colon
(stones will then pass naturally to the rectum)

Through body --> duodenum
(stones by get held up at the ileocecal junction, producing an INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION)

Front 43

Gall stones that obstruct the bile duct will lead to....?

Back 43

Jaundice
(bile flow obstructed to duodenum)

Front 44

Gall stones that obstruct the hepatopancreatic ampulla may result in...?

Back 44

Aseptic or noninfections PANCREATITIS.

Front 45

An inflammation of the gallbladder caused by obstruction of the cystic duct by gallstones.

Back 45

Cholecystitis

Front 46

A sudden inflammation of the gallbladder caused by impacted gallstones in the gallbladder, which obstruct the cystic duct.

Back 46

Acute cholecystitis

Front 47

Superior border of spleen: ______
area
Anterior end or border of spleen: ______ area
Inferior border of spleen: ______ renal area.

Back 47

Superior = gastric area
Anterior = colic area
Inferior = renal area

Front 48

Which organ filters blood, stores blood and platelets, and produces lymphocytes and antibodies?

Back 48

SPLEEN

Front 49

Which organ has hematopoietic functions early in life and later destroys aged RBCs?

Back 49

SPLEEN

Front 50

Name the branches of the celiac trunk.

Back 50

1. Left gastric A
2. Splenic A
3. Common hepatic A