H.s. Definitions - 17

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MICROORGANISMS

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TINY ORGANISMS, SUCH AS A FUNGI, PROTISTS, OR BACTERIA, THAT CAN ONLY BE SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE

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VIRUSES

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GENETIC MATERIAL THAT IS SURROUNDED BY A PROTECTIVE COAT AND THAT CAN ONLY REPRODUCE INSIDE A HOST CELL; CAN ONLY BE SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE

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ANAEROBIC

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ABLE TO GROW AND FUNTION WITHOUT OXYGEN

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SAPROPHYTES

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ORGANISMS THAT LIVE ON DEAD ORGANIC MATTER

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PARASITES

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ORGANISMS OBTAINING NOURISHMENT FROM OTHER ORGANISMS THEY ARE LIVING ON OR IN

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PATHOGENIC

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DISEASE CAUSING

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NONPATHOGENIC

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NOT DISEASE CAUSING

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DECOMPOSE

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TO DECAY, TO BREAK DOWN

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RICKETTSIAE

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PARASITIC MICROORGANISMS THAT LIVE ON ANOTHER LIVING ORGANISM AND CAUSE DISEASE

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SPIROCHETES

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SLENDER, COIL SHAPED ORGANISMS

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BACTERIA

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MICROORGANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR MANY DISEASES:
STREPTOCOCCI, STAPHYLOCOCCE, SPIROCHETES

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STREPTOCOCCI

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BACTERIA THAT CAUSES STREP THROAT

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HOST

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THE ORGANISM FROM WHICH A MICROORGANISM TAKES NOURISHMENT. THE MICROORGANISM GIVES NOTHING IN RETURN AND CAUSES DISEASE OR ILLNESS

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PROTOZOA

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LARGER THAN VIRUSES BUT GROW WITHIN A HOST CELL. CAUSE TRICHOMONIASIS, MEBIC DYSENTERY, MALARIA

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FUNGI

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MOLDS AND YEASTS. CAUSE ATHELETES FOOT, THRUSH, VAGINITIS AND LUNG DISEASES

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URETHRITIS

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INFLAMMATION OF THE URETHRA

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CYSTITIS

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INFLAMMATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER

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SALMONELLA

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A ROD-SHAPED BACTERIUM FOUND IN THE INTESTINE THAT CAN CAUSE FOOD POISONING, GASTROENTERITIS, AND TYPHOID FEVER

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TOXINS

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POISONOUS SUBSTANCES

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ENTEROTOXIN

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POISONOUS SUBSTANCE THAT IS PRODUCED IN, OR ORIGINATES IN, THE CONTENTS OF THE INTESTINE

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PROTIST

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AN ORGANISM BELONGING TO THE KINGDOM THAT INCLUDES PROTOZOANS, BACTERIA, AND SINGLE CELLED ALGAE AND FUNGI

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SUSCEPTIBLE

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CAPABLE OF BEING AFFECTED OR INFECTED (E.G. BODY CAN BE ATTACKED BY MICROORGANISMS AND BECOME ILL)

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CHAIN OF INFECTION

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A CHAIN OF EVENTS ALL INTERCONNECTED IS REQUIRED FOR AN INFECTION TO SPREAD

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CONTAMINATED

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SOILED, UNCLEAN, NOT SUITABLE FOR USE

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GENERALIZED

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AFFECTIN ALL OF THE BODY

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LOCALIZED

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AFFECTING ONE AREA OF THE BODY

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ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE

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METHOD USED TO MAKE THE ENVIRONMENT, THE WORKER, AND THE PATIENT AS GERM-FREE AS POSSIBLE

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NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

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AN INFECTION ACQUIRED WHILE IN A HEALTH CARE SETTING, SUCH AS A HOSPITAL

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STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

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GUIDELINES DESIGNED TO REDUCE THE RISK OF TRANSMISSION OF MICROORGANISMS FROM RECOGNIZED AND UNRECOGNIZED SOURCES OF INFECTION IN THE HOSPITAL

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TRANSMITTING

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CAUSING TO GO FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER PERSON

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AMNIOTIC FLUID

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LIQUID THAT SURROUNDS THE FETUS DURING PREGNANCY

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PERITONEAL FLUID

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LIQUID IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY

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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

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LIQUID THAT FLOWS THROUGH AND AROUND BRAIN TISSUE

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INTERSTITIAL FLUID

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LIQUID THAT FILLS THE SPACE BETWEEN MOST CELLS OF THE BODY

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SEMEN

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FLUID FROM THE TESTES, SEMINAL VESICLES, PROSTATE GLAND AND BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS

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PLEURAL FLUID

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LIQUID THAT SURROUNDS THE LUNGS

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STERILIZED

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MADE FREE FROM ALL LIVING MICROORGANISMS

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DISINFECTION

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PROCESS OF FREEING FROM MICROORGANISMS BY PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL MEANS

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EXPOSED

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LEFT UNPROTECTED

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AUTOCLAVES

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STERILIZERS THAT USE STEAM UNDER PRESSURE TO KILL ALL FORMS OF BACTERIA ON FOMITES (OBJECTS THAT PATHOGENS LIVE ON AND CAN TRANSFER INFECTION)

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AIRBOURNE

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ARTICLES THAT FLOAT IN THE AIR

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DROPLETS

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A SMALL DROP OF FLUID

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MICRONS

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UNITS EQUALING ONE MILLIONTH OF A METER

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AIDS

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ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYDROME - LATE STAGES OF HIV INFECTION; CHARACTERIZED BY SECONDARY INFECTION

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HIV

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HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS THAT CAUSES AIDS. INFECTS CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, REDUCING THE ABILITY TO FIGHT DISEASE, TRANSMITTED BY BLOOD EXPOSUREM SEXUAL CONTACT, SHARING NEEDLES OR FROM INFECTED MOTHER TO INFANT

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BLOODBORNE

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CARRIED IN THE BLOOD

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HBV - HEPATITIS B

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BLOODBORNE VIRAL DISEASE THAT AFFECTS THE LIVER, TRANSMITTED BY BLOOD ESPOSURE, SEXUAL CONTACT, SHARING NEEDLES OR FROM INFECTED MOTHER TO CHILD

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VACCINE

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HARMLESS FORM OF A PATHOGEN THAT HELPS THE BODY DEVELOPE IMMUNITY TO A DISEASE

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HVS - HEPATITIS C

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BLOODBORNE VIRAL DISEASE THAT AFFECTS LIVE; TRANSMITTED BY BLOOD EXPOSURE, SHARING NEEDLES, OR FROM INFECTED MOTHER TO CHILD, RARELY BY SEXUAL CONTACT

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UNIVERSAL PRCAUTIONS

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A SET OF PRECAUTIONS THAT PREVENTTHE TRANSMISSION OF HIV, HBV, HCV AND OTHER BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS WHEN PROVIDING HEALTH CARE

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PPE

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PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - TO PROTECT THEMSELVES AND OTHERS FROM BEING INFECTED BY PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS

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E. COLI - ESCHERICHIA COLI

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NORMALLY NON-PATHOGENIC BACTERIUM FOUND IN INTESTINES OF MANY MAMMALS, BUT CAN CONTAMINATE FOOD CAUSING FOOD POISONING OR DEATH. CAN BE PREVENTED BY COOKING TO > 160 DEGREES

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SYMBIOSIS

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A CLOSE ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS OF TWO OR MORE SPECIES.

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SYMBIOSIS - MUTUALISM

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BOTH SPECIES BENEFIT

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SYMBIOSIS - COMMENSALISM

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ON SPECIES BENEFITS, THE OTHER IS UNAFFECTED

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SYMBIOSIS - PARASITISM

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ONE SPECIES BENEFITS , THE OTHER IS HARMED

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SYMBIOSIS - COMPETITION

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NEITHER SPECIES BENEFITS

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SYMBIOSIS - NEUTRALISM

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BOTH SPECIES ARE UNAFFECTED

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BACTERIOSTATIC

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AGENT WHICH INHIBITS GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION OF BACTERIA, BUT DOES NOT NECESSARILY KILL

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BACTERIOCIDAL

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AGENT (EITHER HEAT OR CHEMICAL) WHICH WILL KILL BACTERIA

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OSHA - OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ADMINISTRATION

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ESTABLISHED GUIDELINES FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS TO ENSURE THAT EMPLOYERS PROVIDE PROTECTION TO EMPLOYEES AT RISK OF EXPOSURE. (E.G.; HBV @ NO CHARGE, TRAINING TO USE PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, ANNUAL UPDATE AND REVIEW)