Hs 3320 Cell Cycle, Mitosis And Meiosis

Front 1

cytoplasm divides

Back 1

cytokinesis

Front 2

stages of mitosis

Back 2

1) Prophase
2) Metaphase
3) Anaphase
4) Telophase
5) Cytokinesis

Front 3

stages of interphase

Back 3

1) G1-phase
2) S-phase
3) G2-phase

Front 4

G1-phase

Back 4

growth phase, 1 copy of each chromosome

Front 5

S-phase

Back 5

DNA is duplicated (2 sister chromatids)

Front 6

prophase (mitosis)

Back 6

1) DNA coils tightly - chromosomes shorten and thicken
2) microtubules assemble to form mitotic spindle
3) nuclear envelope disappears

Front 7

metaphase (mitosis)

Back 7

1) chromosomes attach to the spindle
2) chromosomes align in center of all - metaphase plate
3) each sister chromatid attached to opposite pole

Front 8

anaphase (mitosis)

Back 8

1) sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
2) sister chromatids become individual chromosomes

Front 9

telophase (mitosis)

Back 9

1) cells look like dumbell - chromosomes at both ends
2) spindle falls apart
3) nuclear envelope re-forms

Front 10

cytokinesis (mitosis)

Back 10

1) cytoplasm is divided
2) cell is pinched in middle
3) 1 cell is now2

Front 11

structure made up of microtubules

Back 11

mitotic sprindle

Front 12

23 chromosomes

Back 12

haploid

Front 13

46 chromosomes

Back 13

diploid

Front 14

mitosis

Back 14

makes 2 identical cells
basis of asexual reproduction and multicellularity

Front 15

meiosis

Back 15

makes 4 haploid cells from 1 diploid pre-meiotic cell
basis of sexual reproduction

Front 16

Interphase I

Back 16

1) Chromosomes duplicate
2) duplicated chromosomes - 2 sister chromatids attached at centromere

Front 17

Prophase I

Back 17

1) larger, more complex than in mitosis
2) chromosomes condense
3) synapsis - homologous chromosomes pair up
4) crossing over - homologous chromosomes exchange parts
5) nuclear envelope disappears

Front 18

leptonema/leptoene stage

Back 18

replicated chromosomes become visible s threads and chromomeres

Front 19

zygotema/zygotene stage

Back 19

active pairing/synapsis

Front 20

pachynema/pachyteme stage

Back 20

homologous chromosomes shorten and thicken, chromosomes synapse and crossing over occurs (diplotene chiasmata)

Front 21

diakenises

Back 21

condensation complete, attachment to spindle, nuclear envelope disappears

Front 22

Metaphase I

Back 22

1) homologous pairs of chromosomes align on metaphase plate
2) the chromosomes of the homologous pair are attached to opposite poles

Front 23

Anaphase I

Back 23

1) homologues separate and are moved to opposite poles by the spindle
2) sister chromatids remain attached at centromere

Front 24

Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Back 24

1) spindle apparatus moves chromosomes to opposite poles
2) haploid set of chromosomes/2sister chromatids
3) cytokinesis
4) --> meiosis 2

Front 25

Prophase II

Back 25

1) mitotic spindle forms
2) chromosomes are condensed

Front 26

Metaphase II

Back 26

1) individual chromosomes align on metaphase plate
2) sister chromatids are attached at opposite poles

Front 27

Anaphase II

Back 27

1) sister chromatids separate at their centromeres
2) sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
3) following separation, sister chromatids become individual chromosomes

Front 28

Telophase II and Cytokinesis

Back 28

1) Nuclei form at opposite poles of the cell
2) cytokinesis occurs to form 4 daughter cells

Front 29

euchromatin

Back 29

chromatin or chromosomal regions That are lightly staining and are relatively uncoiled during the interphase portion of the cell cycle. Euchromatic regions contain most of the structural genes.

Front 30

Heterochromatin

Back 30

The heavily staining, late-replicating regions of chromosomes that are condensed in interphase. Thought to be devoid of structural genes