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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Changes with toxic exposure: Growth defects, permanent, genetic material
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Mutagenic
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Changes with toxic exposure: growth defects, temporary, tissue anomolies
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Teratogenic
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Physiological effects: NOEL(no observable effects), relatively minor
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reversible
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Physiological effects: serios, permanent, death
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irreversible
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The science of poisons, their effects, antidotes, and detection.
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Toxicology
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Eyes(Cataracts can develop)
Skin(accelerated aging) Immune system (disease) Crops(lower yields) Marine life (phytoplankton) |
Potential effects of UV light
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Carbon dioxide, CFC's, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and other trace gases are:
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greenhouse gases
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What light is stopped by greenhouse gases?
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Infrared light
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Dose-Response relationship, duration of exposure, tolerance, classes of toxic substances are characteristics of:
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Toxic Agents
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The amount of the material+Length of the exposure+How often the exposure occurs=
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Dose
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Safe human dose equals
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(THD 0.0 (MG/KG/DAY)*70kG)/SF
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Arbitrarily established seperation between the highest level of a chemical that produces no adverse effect in any animal species and the level of exposure estimated to be safe in humans
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Margin of Safety
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TD50/ED50
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threshold/effective dose
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Used by pharmacologist where the lethal dose (LD) is over the effective dose(ED)
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Therapeutic Index
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Durations of exposure
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Acute short 24 hrs
Subacute short intermediate 24 hrs - 1month Subchronic long intermediate 1 month- 3 months Chronic long 3 months- years |
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A process by whereby exposure to sub-toxic doses of a chemical renders a person tolerant to subsequent doses of the chemical in quantities that would be harmful to non-adapted individuals.
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Tolerance
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Dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, gases-liquids and solids are
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Classes of toxic substances
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A quantitative approach to the behavior of a poison or chemical in the body. Pertaining to a drug in the body.
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Toxicokinetics
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Reversible, local, and NOEL is skin absorption
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Water Souble
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Irreversible, systemic, permanent is skin absorption
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Lipid Soluble
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Mechanism of clearance from the pulmonary system
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Ciliary Mucus Transport, Phagocytosis via lung marcophage, absorption, exhalation
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Nasopharynegeal Region size:
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5 microns or larger
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Trachaobronchiolar Region size:
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2 microns- 5 microns
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Alveolar Region size:
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1 micron and below
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Ultaviolet light, humidity, noise, and radiation are:
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Vectors
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Effects of the fetus, deficits in learning ability, in adults high blood pressure, heart attack are effects of:
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Mercury
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A substance, usually a protein that the body reconizes as foreign and that can evoke an immune response
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Antigen
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Any microrganism capable of producing disease
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Pathogen
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What toxicologist gives the perameters, describes testing methods
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Descriptive
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What toxicologist takes the action and finds why things bind so tightly
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Mechanistic
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What toxicologist does tissue sampling to see what poison it is?
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Analytical/Forensic
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What toxicologist does specifically deals with antidotes?
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Clinical
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What toxicologist is concerned with the harmful effects of chemicals by man in the total ecological system?
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Environmental
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What toxicologist is involved with investigative research of chemicals utilized and produced by industry?
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Occupational/Industrial
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Sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxidem nitrogen dioxidem particulates, hydrocarbons, ozone are sources and effects of:
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Air Pollutants
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U.S. Environmental protection agency creates standards for:
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Drinking Water
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Water is:
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Purified in water treatment plants by fluoridation.
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Light stopped by greenhouse gases is
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Infrared light
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Light let through greenhouse gases is
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visible light
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What is the antidote for carbon monoxide
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Oxygen
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A pesticide banned in the U.S. is:
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DDT
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Industrial chemical used as an insulator in electrical transformers and linked to certain human cancers:
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PCB's
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Increased heart beat, birth defects, and cancers are effects of:
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Air pollution
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Major source of carbon monoxide pollution is:
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Motor vehicle exhaust
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Chemicals used in products that destroy the ozone layer are:
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CFC's
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A disease that is able to be passed on is:
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A communicable disease
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The accumulation of a substance in a food chain is:
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Biomagnification
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Industry processes combine with moisture and fall to the earth as
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Acid Rain
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A weather condition which a cold layer of air is trapped by a warm layer so that pollutants cannot be dispersed :
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Temperature Inversion
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Different types of exposures
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Acute
Subacute Subchronic Chronic |
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Moisture combining with industry combustion forms
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Acid Rain
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Headache, chronic bronchitis, dizziness and fatigue is results of:
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Carbon Monoxide
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A measure of local air quality and what it means for health is:
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Air quality index
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An antidote for household insecticides is:
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Water, and some drugs
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Specifically deals with antidotes:
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Clinical toxicologist
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The degree to which a substance is toxic is:
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Toxicity
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Ultraviolet rays, microwaves, x-rays, sun, uranium, and nucler weapons are forms of:
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Radiation
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Layers of skin
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Epidermis-outer layer
Dermis middle layer, cushions the boyd Adipose tissue- fat layer |
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Area of the lung that has the greatest gas exchange:
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Alveolus
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