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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the culmination of people with disabilities wanting to fully participate and demanding rights was what? |
the ADA of 1990 |
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prior to the 70s...people with disabilities were treated with what type of model? |
the medical model |
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Medical Model |
patients seen as cases, defined by their disability, MD was in charge of the case and knew what was best for all cases; cookie cutter approach; all people with same disability treated the same way; needed same services; no individuality, MD determined treatment plan, PWD never had a say in their treatment; felt like objects not people |
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Person Centered Model |
person 1st, then their disability second. have unique set of characteristics, all people using wheel chairs have differences! treated as people not diagnosis; person determines what they need in consultation with MD, MD is not the expert, ASK the person to develop a rehab plan; this is a model of empowerment; we ALL benefit from this |
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community participation |
no longer PWD are segregated/institutionalized! have right to live in communities and participate in activities |
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everyone is employable |
everyone can work, supports should be present on the job, there is job interview practice |
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people with disabilities can choose to do things with risks |
choose to travel or work etc |
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Who fought for people with disabilities? |
people who were disabled! |
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in 2008 there was a recession... |
more people are working now but still not enough job recoveries |
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recession fall out |
overall employment rates are lower and the # of jobs is less than anticipated, unemployment rates for minorities are higher, many jobs that hired less educated people are gone AAR of technology; so there are fewer jobs hiring less educated people |
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AAR of the recession rehab strategies might have to include |
further education, specialized skills training |
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higher education is important...why? |
people will hire you with a college degree even for jobs that aren't your major. hired you because you have a BA; people with BA earn 75% more over their lifetime than people with a high school degree |
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top jobs by 2020 |
mental health counselors (insurance wants them-cheaper), audiologists, PT/OT, many of these jobs work with the elderly population |
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what are the top 2 job growths by 2020 |
Home Health Aides and Personal Care Assistants; don't need a BA but poorly paid, no benefits |
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by 2020 what percent of jobs will require a college degree? |
47% |
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what do employers look for |
able to learn, personality, communication skills, adaptability/flexibility, work ethic, (showing up on time), teamwork, critical thinking, writing skills, is this person a good fit for us? |
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Importance of employment |
when you meet someone for the first time, you ask them "what do you do"; work defines who we are, work can be considered a "calling", it is engrained early on that work is an important function, has a psychological function/purpose, has a social purpose (how you meet other people, gets you connected to others) has a social/economic purpose |
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Job Categories |
professional, white collar, blue collar, sales, farming/agriculture, unpaid |
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professional jobs |
ex: physician, attorneys, counseling, teachers, often require special education, higher education, all have a specific ethical code, code of ethics they agree to abide by, sometimes you need a license, higher wages/levels of compensation |
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white collar |
supervisor/manager positions, wore white/tie |
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blue collar |
old factories, wore denim/work clothes, produce things, work with machines, don't require a college degree, high school diploma/GED is suffice, these jobs are disappearing |
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sales |
selling of products |
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farming/agriculture |
....... |
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unpaid |
volunteers/homemakers |
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what are the psychological aspects of work |
1. motivation: what motivates people to be as productive as possible? 2. work related stress: physical symptoms (insomnia, weakened immune system, grey hair, cardiac issues, high blood pressure, GI issues) also can impact job performance, may not perform as well if stressed, impacts families and marriage 3. job satisfaction: what keeps people at work? good supervisor, manager, recognition, promotion, incentives, bonus, trips, salary, benefits, coworkers, facilities: gym, onsite daycare, responsibility: work matters and important, not just going through the motions |
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what are things companies do to lower work stress of employees |
1) control of schedule/flexibility: 8:30-4:30 to see kids, work at home 2) variety vs. monotony: repetition at job can add to stress 3) social supports: at work or at home 4) work-life balance: workers demanding more of this, harder now because of technology and email and phones, work is only a click away |
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future job trends |
1) jobs are less secure now because of technology, foreign country, competition, economy 2) temporary/part time:companies want to cut costs-- don't have to pay benefits 3) low paying service jobs: McDonalds, fast food |
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Rehab Act 1973 |
1st civil rights law for disability comes from the 60s and discrimination increasing independence, employability, inclusion federal jobs: couldn't be discriminated against if in a wheelchair or disabled |
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ADA 1992 |
public transportation, building accessibility, private companies can't discriminate if someone can perform central functions of the job (job description) reasonable accommodations: like work station lower for a wheel chair, flexible hours for meds for disability undue hardship: can't be too expensive for the company; like ramp @ Walmart can afford but maybe not a small family owned convenience store |
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Family and Medical Leave Act 1993 |
companies have to provide 12 weeks unpaid leave for birth of a child, adoption care of ill/disabled family member or own illness |
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state workers comp |
companies contribute money if you get hurt on the job, covers medical costs (insurance doesn't have to), disability benefits: some income, usually 2/3 of your salary, death benefits: funeral costs, money for spouse/family, benefits companies because it keeps people from suing |
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short time disability |
can purchase insurance or company will purchase it up to 26 weeks 2/3 of salary |
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Medicaid-Health Insurance |
health insurance plan funded by federal government for people who are poor/disabled -costs a lot of money |
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Medicare |
health insurance for people over 65 who are poor/disabled, both of these programs cost a lot of money |
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investigative (thinker) |
idea, abstract, analytical, logical, research, math. need freedom to explore, be creative, not good in teams/highly structured work environment ex: biologists, chemists |
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artistic (creator) |
arts, music, painting, writing, need flexibility, impulsive, emotional, open, expressive |
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social (helper) |
seek professions that help others, concerned with welfare of others, human relationships ex: counselors, trainers, work well in teams |
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enterprising (persuader) |
sociable, outgoing, self-confident, energetic, sales, lawyer, politician, public speaking ex: Donald Trump |
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Conventional (organizer) |
detail oriented, efficient, no wasted time/energy, not risk takers, do well in structured environments, do "dirty work", get things done, not seeking leadership roles, maintaining data, reliable, responsible, orderly, not a lot of creativity, imagination ex: accounters, book keepers, office managers etc |
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realistic (doer) |
likes to be hands on, active, mechanical, machinery rather than people, not team, like to seek tangible results, cars, computers etc! wouldn't do well in an office setting, big ideas, focused on what's in front of them |
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social security |
began in 1935: income security for people who can no longer work b/c of age or disability and still need money trust fund: money comes out of a paycheck and gets put into a trust fund; 6.25% of wages gets put into it and the employer puts 6.25% in as well 3 programs come out of the trust fund |
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Retirement Benefits |
about 1,200/month; not personal money from your paycheck, paying ahead--people working now are paying for people who are retired; not own personal savings, worked for a while because people wouldn't live as long (why retirement age was 65) puts strain on this fund in 1960 there were 5 people per 1 retiree, 2016 2 people per 1 retiree, at the rate now (people getting older) trust fund projected to run out by 2030, age adjusted to 67 to retire and get benefits (way to help fix the issue) this issue will affect taxes and income tax |
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SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance) |
disabled with work history, must have worked 10 years of more, in 60s congress had to find a way to help people who were injured/couldn't work before 65; another drain to the trust fund about 500/month |
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SSI |
about 400/month, people disabled for a long time and couldn't work long enough for benefits, born disabled/at young age |
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career counseling/decisions |
key component is SELF AWARENESS: help client identify what is important to them in employment what are other interests, abilities, values? 1) help identify strengths, challenges, 2) helps identify jobs that match these strengths--where will they flourish? 3) helps job seeking skills (resume, dress, interview) 4) help identify assistive technology (any devices they might need?) |
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Frank Parsons |
1909 teacher in Boston; developed 1st theory on how to help people find employment called Trait Factor Theory: everyone has unique personality, ability, interests that can be identified and measured to help us find work, he identified that self awareness is important, factors-job skills-what you need for a certain job goal is to match traits with jobs |
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2 approaches career counselors adhere to |
1) John Holland Occupational Personality Theory: we pick jobs based on what we like to do and our personalities (6 types of personalities) 2) Donald Super Life Span Theory: we make decisions about the jobs we want by going through distinct phases 1) everyone has the potential to do many tasks ( in the old days/early 20s you would decide on a job and stay there until you retired) now have 5-7 jobs: acceptable! super is the first to state this! smashed the old stereotype 2) self knowledge is key: evaluate interests/abilities, explore the qualities that make them marketable 3) this is a lifelong process: career change is normal and natural part of this |
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5 stages of career development |
1) Growth: ages 7 to 14; physical/mental development, understand what your abilities are and interests, kids realize there is something called work; understand at some point maybe I need or want to work 2) Exploration-ages 15 to 24; become more independent now, narrowing choices, what is it I really want to do? Research career options-what do I need to do to get a job? stage of trying out-is this what I want to do? do i like it? ex: classes, observation, internships/volunteer 3) Establishment: ages 25-45; find a job/start a job, obtain work experiences, evaluate your choice: do i picture myself doing this for the next 40 years? will i be promoted? 4) Maintain: ages 45-65; job mobility-are there opportunities for promotion? increase responsibility 5) Disengagement: age 65+, think about plan for a life without work, how will I spend my time without a job? retirement: financial considerations, people who don't retire live longer and are healthier, stay in position longer, fewer open positions, hire young people, pay them less this is a lifelong process! people change their minds and this is ok! |
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what theory is most commonly used in career development settings? |
Holland's Theory |
