Hrm 1: Histology

Front 1

What makes up the adenohypophysis?

Back 1

Pars tuberalis, Pars distalis and Pars intermedia

Front 2

From what is the adenohypophysis derived?

Back 2

Oral ectoderm

Front 3

What makes up the nuerohypophysis?

Back 3

Pars nervosa and Infundibulum

Front 4

From what is the neurohypophysis derived?

Back 4

Neural ectoderm

Front 5

What type of caps are in the pars distalis of the anterior pit?

Back 5

fenestrated sinusoidal

Front 6

Where do you find chromophobes (null cells)?

Back 6

Pars distalis of anterior pit (May be degranulated acidophils and basophils)

Front 7

Where do you find chromophils?

Back 7

Pars distalis of anterior pit

Front 8

Name 2 types of chromophils

Back 8

Acidophils and Basophils

Front 9

Name two types of Acidophils

Back 9

Somatotrophs (GH) and Mammotrophs (PRL)

Front 10

What hormones do acidophils produce?

Back 10

GH (Somatorophs) and PRL (Mammotrophs) of the pars distalis of anterior pit

Front 11

Name 3 types of Basophils

Back 11

Thyrotrophs (TSH), Gonadotrophs (FSH, LH) and Corticotrophs (ACTH and MSH)

Front 12

What do Thyrotrophs (basophil) secrete?

Back 12

TSH

Front 13

What do Gonadotrophs (basophil) secrete?

Back 13

FSH, LH (or ICSH in males)

Front 14

What do Corticotrophs (basophil) secrete?

Back 14

ACTH/corticotrophin and MSH

Front 15

Broken up by numerous colloid-containing cysts that are remnants of an embryological structure called Rathke's pouch

Back 15

Pars intermedia

Front 16

What hormone does the Pars intermedia produce?

Back 16

MSH (so does the pars distalis)

Front 17

Consists of unmyelinated axons of secretory nerve cells

Back 17

Pars nervosa

Front 18

Where do the cell bodies of the pars nervosa lie?

Back 18

Supraoptic (ADH) and paraventricular (Oxytocin) nuclei of the hypothalamus

Front 19

What type of caps do you find in the pars nervosa?

Back 19

fenestrated sinusoidal

Front 20

Dilated terminal part of the axons of the pars nervosa

Back 20

Herring bodies

Front 21

"supportive" cells found throughout the nerual lobe of the pit

Back 21

pituicytes

Front 22

Where are the cell bodies of oxytocin?

Back 22

paraventricular nuclei

Front 23

Where are the cell bodies of ADH?

Back 23

supraoptic nuclei

Front 24

Pinealocytes produce what?

Back 24

Melatonin (melatonin production is inhibited by light)

Front 25

Where may you find brain sand (corpora arenacea)

Back 25

Pineal gland

Front 26

Brain sand displaced from the midline is evidence of what?

Back 26

cerebral tumor

Front 27

Melatonin produced by the pineal gland may suppress what?

Back 27

gonadotrophin secretion via hypothalamus inhibition; retards gonadal growth and function

Front 28

Where is stored thyroid hormone contained?

Back 28

colloid (Note: stored as thyroglobulin)

Front 29

What cells produce thyroid hormone?

Back 29

epithelial cells of thyroid follicles

Front 30

What do the parafollicular cells of the thyroid produce?

Back 30

calcitonin

Front 31

Of what origin are C cells (parafollicular cells) of the thyroid

Back 31

Neural crest

Front 32

What type of epithelium does the follicular cells of the thyroid contain?

Back 32

simple cuboidal epithelium

Front 33

What is the function of calcitonin?

Back 33

Lowers blood Ca bu inhibiting bone resorption, < osteoclast motility and numbers, promotes excretion of Ca and Ph from the kidneys; "tones" down the blood Ca

Front 34

From what pharyngeal pouches is the parathyroid gland derived?

Back 34

3 and 4

Front 35

What do the chief cells of the parathyroid produce?

Back 35

PTH

Front 36

Name two cell types of the parathyroid

Back 36

Chief cells (PTH) and Oxyphil cells

Front 37

The cortex of the adrenal gland is derived from what?

Back 37

mesoderm

Front 38

The medulla of the adrenal gland is derived from what?

Back 38

neural crest cells

Front 39

Name the zones of the cortex of the adrenal gland from the outside in

Back 39

glomerulosa, fasiculata and reticularis

Front 40

What does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland produce?

Back 40

mineralocorticoid (aldosterone)

Front 41

Zone of the adrenal cortex that is fatty and has spongiocytes

Back 41

Zona Fasciculata

Front 42

What does the zona fasciculata primarliy producte?

Back 42

glucocorticoids (cortisol or hydrocortisone)

Front 43

What does the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland primarily produce?

Back 43

sex steroid production (primarily androgens)

Front 44

Where do you find chromaffin cells?

Back 44

Adrenal medulla

Front 45

What do the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete?

Back 45

norepi and epi

Front 46

Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the what?

Back 46

chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla

Front 47

AKA aortic chromaffin bodies or organs of Zuckerandl

Back 47

Paraganglia cells of adrenal medulla

Front 48

What do the paraganlia cells secrete?

Back 48

Epi

Front 49

Name the 4 types of cells of the pancreatic islet cell

Back 49

Aplha, Beta, Delta and PP (F) cells

Front 50

What do the alpha cells of the pancreatic islet cell produce?

Back 50

glucagon (raise blood sugar levels)

Front 51

What do the beta cells of the pancreatic islet cell produce?

Back 51

Insulin (lower blood sugar levels)

Front 52

What do the delta cells of the pancreatic islet cell produce?

Back 52

Somatostatin (supress secretion of insulin and glucagon)

Front 53

What do the PP (F) cells of the pancreatic islet cell produce?

Back 53

pancreatic polypeptide (relax GB --> < bile secretion; inhibits enzyme secretions from the exocrine pancreas)