Hr Chapter 9

Front 1

Closed shop

Back 1

Form of union security in which the company can hire only union members. Outlawed in 1947 but still exists in some industries (such as printing).

Front 2

Union shop

Back 2

Form of union security in which the company can hire nonunion people but they must join the union after a prescribed period of time and pay dues. (If not, the can be fired.)

Front 3

Agency shop

Back 3

Form of union security in which employees who do not belong to the union must still pay union dues on the assumption that union efforts benefit all workers.

Front 4

Open shop

Back 4

Form of union security in which the workers decide whether or not to join the union, and those who join must pay dues.

Front 5

Right-to-work

Back 5

Public policy in a number of states that prohibits union security of any kind.

Front 6

AFL-CIO

Back 6

Voluntary federation of the United States of about 100 national and international unions.

Front 7

Norris-LaGuardia Act

Back 7

Law marked the beginning of the era of strong encouragement of unions and guaranteed to each employee the right to bargain collectively “free from interference, restraint, or coercion.”

Front 8

Wagner Act

Back 8

Law that banned certain types of unfair labor practices and provided for secret-ballot elections and majority rule for determining whether or not a firm’s employees want to unionize.

Front 9

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)

Back 9

Agency created by the Wagner Act to investigate unfair labor practice charges and to provide for secret-ballot elections and majority rule in determining whether or not a firm’s employees want to unionize.

Front 10

Taft-Hartley Act

Back 10

Law prohibiting union unfair labor practices and enumerating the rights of employees as union members. Also enumerates the rights of employers.

Front 11

(Labor Management Relations Act)

Front 12

National emergency strikes

Back 12

Strikes that might “imperil the national health and safety.”

Front 13

Landrum-Griffin Act

Back 13

Law aimed at protecting union members from possible wrongdoing on the part of their unions.

Front 14

Union salting

Back 14

Union organizing tactic by which workers who are employed by a union as undercover union organizers are hired by unwitting employers.

Front 15

Authorization cards

Back 15

In order to petition for a union election, the union must show that at least 30% of employees may be interested in being unionized. Employees indicate this interest by signing authorization cards.

Front 16

Bargaining unit

Back 16

Group of employees the union will be authorized to represent.

Front 17

Collective bargaining

Back 17

Process through which representatives of management and the union meet to negotiate a labor agreement.

Front 18

Good-faith bargaining

Back 18

Term that means both parties are communicating and negotiating and that proposals are being matched with counterproposals, with both parties making every reasonable effort to arrive at agreements. It does not mean that either party is compelled to agree to a proposal.

Front 19

Voluntary bargaining items

Back 19

Items in collective bargaining for which bargaining is neither illegal nor mandatory – neither party can be compelled to negotiate over those items.

Front 20

Illegal bargaining items

Back 20

Items in collective bargaining that are forbidden by law; for example, the clause agreeing to hire “union members exclusively” would be illegal in a right-to-work state.

Front 21

Mandatory bargaining items

Back 21

Items in collective bargaining that a party must bargain over if the other party introduces them – for example, pay.

Front 22

Mediation

Back 22

Labor relations intervention in which a neutral third party tries to assist the principals in reaching an agreement.

Front 23

Fact-finder

Back 23

In labor relations, a neutral party who studies the issues in a dispute and makes a public recommendation for a reasonable settlement.

Front 24

Arbitration

Back 24

Most definitive type of third-party intervention, in which the arbitrator often has the power to determine and dictate the settlement terms.

Front 25

Economic strike

Front 26

Unfair labor practice strike

Front 27

Wildcat strike

Back 27

Unauthorized strike occurring during the term of the contract.

Front 28

Sympathy strike

Back 28

Strike that takes place when one union strikes in support of another’s strike.

Front 29

Boycott

Back 29

Combined refusal by employees and other interested parties to buy or use the employer’s products.

Front 30

Lockout

Back 30

Refusal by the employer to provide opportunities to work.