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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The word 'autism' comes from the Greek word 'autos' meaning self, and was first coined in 1911 by a. Leo Kanner b. Eugen Bleuler c. Hans Asperger d. BF Skinner |
b. Eugen Bleuler |
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Austism was first described by ____________ as "early infantile autism" a. Leo Kanner b. Eugen Bleuler c. Hans Asperger d. BF Skinner |
a. Leo Kanner |
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Autism was first described by _____________ in 1944 as "autistic psychopathy" a. Leo Kanner b. Eugen Bleuler c. Hans Asperger d. D Wing |
c. Hans Asperger |
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Autism was described by _____________ in 1981 as "asperger's syndrome" a. Leo Kanner b. Eugen Bleuler c. Hans Asperger d. D Wing |
d. D Wing |
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An early theory of autism (now discredited) which posited that a mother's response to her child was a cause of autism was known as a. Parent Responsiveness theory b. Refrigerator hypothesis c. Distance behaviourism d. Asperger's theory |
b. Refrigerator hypothesis |
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Which term was once widely used to embrace a range of childhood disorders, including autism? a. asperger's syndrome b. global developmental delay c. childhood schizophrenia d. none of the above |
c. childhood schizophrenia |
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ASD is currently categorised as a. a personality disorder b. a mood disorder c. a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) d. a global language deficit (GLD) |
c. a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) |
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Which of the following is not one of the three key symptoms of ASD? a. lack of reciprocal social interaction b. difficulty with pragmatic communication c. restricted/repetitive behaviours d. low IQ score |
d. low IQ score *people with HFA may have a very high IQ score and still have ASD |
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The two core symptoms for diagnosis of ASD are (choose 2) a. persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts b. restricted/repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities c. persistent deficit in vocabulary d. persistent disrupted sleep patterns over a period of 4 months or more |
a. and b. |
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Changes to the diagnostic criteria in DSM-V have increased a. improve sensitivity and specificity b. improve sensitivity but reduce specificity c. improve specificity but reduce sensitivity d.. none of the above |
c. improve specificity but reduce sensitivity *leaving more cognitively-ableindividuals in the higher functioning end of the ASD spectrum failing to meet the criteria to warranta diagnosis. |
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Due to reduced sensitivity of new diagnostic criteria for ASD, which group of people may no longer meet the criteria for diagnosis? a. high functioning and cognitively able individuals b. low functioning individuals with cognitive difficulties c. adolescents between 12-18 d. Individuals with IQ<70 |
a. high functioning and cognitively able individuals |
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True or false Autism is a lifelong condition. |
True |
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In treating ASD... a. early intervention is more effective than later intervention b. later intervention is more effective than early intervention c. later intervention is more effective than no intervention at al d. a and c e. b and c |
d. a and c |
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The prevalence rate for ASD according to the CDC is a. 1% b. 2% c. 3% d. 5% |
b. 2% |
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The prevalence rate for ASD according to Kim et al is a. 2% b. 2.34% c. 2.56% d. 4.34% |
b. 2.34% |
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Individuals with an IQ <70 and an ASD diagnosis are said to be diagnosed with a. LFA b. HFA c. asperger's syndrome d. none of the above |
a. LFA |
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A person diagnosed with HFA would likely have an IQ > what? a. >70 b. >100 c. <70 d. <135 |
a. >70 |
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Genetic concordance for ASD in MZ twins is a. 50% b. 70-75% c. 80-90% d. 90-95% |
c. 80-90% |
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Genetic concordance for ASD in DZ twins is a. 10-30% b. 30-50% c. 60% d. 80% |
a. 10-30% |
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Genetic concordance for ASD in siblings is a. 15% b. 18% c. 21% d. none of the above |
b. 18% |
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The rate of males compared to females diagnosed with ASD is a. 4:1 b. 2:1 c. 5:1 d. 1:1 |
a. 4:1 |
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Males with HFA are diagnosed at a rate of ________ compared to females?
a. 4:1 b. 6:1 c. 9:1 d. 2:1 |
c. 9:1 |
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Females are thought to have ___________than males, which predisposes them to camouflaging their ASD symptoms in childhood? a. more sympathetic tendencies b. advanced language development c. less aggression d. better social skills |
d. better social skills |
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Diagnostic tools may be insensitive to _______________ presentations of ASD? a. male b. female |
b. female |
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Females are thought to have more of a drive toward being _______________, thus camouflaging their ASD symptoms in childhood. a. Talkative b. sympathetic c. quiet d. empathetic |
d. empathetic |
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Males with ASD are thought to have _____________, caused by exposure to foetal testosterone in utero? a. HFA b. LFA c. EMB d. ABC |
c. EMB *Extreme male brain |
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Extreme male brain (EMB) theory supposes that men are more prone to being systematic and organised, and less empathetic due to what? a. Parental expectations of male behaviour b. exposure to foetal testosterone in utero c. having more neurons in the frontal lobe d. all of the above |
b. exposure to foetal testosterone in utero |
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True or false MMR vaccines have been shown to be a causal factor in ASD? |
False |
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Theory of mind states that individuals are a. able to attribute mental states to themselves and others b. able to deduce the contents of thoughts (self and others) and predict subsequent behaviour c. able to integrate perceptual information holistically d. both a and b |
d. both a and b |
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People with Weak Central Coherence may have a. poor ability to process information holistically b. poor ability to focus on only one facet of information being presented c. poor ability to speak coherently d. both a and c |
a. poor ability to process information holistically |
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Executive function theory of ASD is associated with which area of the brain? a. frontal lobe b. parietal lobe c. occipital lobe d. none of the above |
a. frontal lobe |
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Executive function (EF) theory states that people with ASD may have deficits in a. planning ability b. verbal ability c. emotional regulation d. both a and c |
a. planning ability |
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Changes in the environment may be distressing to people with ASD because a. it causes visual disturbances b. lack of EF makes planning difficult c. Theory of mind makes changes difficult to perceive d. none of the above |
b. lack of EF makes planning difficult |
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EMB theory is supported by a. a extensive body of research b. very little evidence c. no evidence at all d. a meta-analysis conducted in 2015 |
b. very little evidence |
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Mirror neurons fire when a. an individual looks at their own reflection in a mirror b. upon execution of a goal driven activity c. when watching others execute a goal driven activity d. both b and c |
d. both b and c |
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When the brain is at rest, it is said to default to a. resting state b. default state c. default mode network d. none of the above |
c. default mode network |
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People with ASD are thought to have what hardware dysfunction? a. default mode network failure b. mirror neuron failure c. default resting state failure d. thickening of the cerebral cortex |
a. default mode network failure |
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The prevalence of ADHD according to the DSM diagnostic criteria is a. 8% b. 10% c. 12% d. 15% |
a. 8% |
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Genetic concordance of ADHD in MZ twins is a. 50% b. 60% c. 75% d. 80% |
d. 80% |
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Which of these is not a subtype of ADHD a. combined inattention hyperactivity b. predominantly inattention c. predominantly hyperactity d. combined inactivity |
d. combined inactivity |
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How many symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/inactivity must be present, and for how long to receive a diagnosis of ADHD? a. 5 / 6 months b. 6 / 6 months c. 6 / 5 months d. 5 / 5 months |
b. 6 / 6 months |
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To receive a diagnosis of ADHD symptoms must be a. present before 12 years of age b. present for more than six months c. present in two or more settings d. inappropriate for developmental level e. all of the above |
e. all of the above |
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In ADHD, generally the brain appears to be a. over-responsive b. under-responsive c. not affected by CNS stimulants d. none of the above |
b. under-responsive |
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Ritalin, Dexadrine and Lisdexamfetamine are all examples of what type of drug used to treat ADHD? a. mood stabilisers b. CNS stimulants c. anti depressants d. selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors |
b. CNS stimulants |
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Strattera (Atomoxetine) is an example of what type of drug used to treat ADHD? a. mood stabiliser b. CNS stimulant c. anti depressant d. selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor |
d. selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor |
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Which of these is not a common side effect of CNS stimulant drugs? a. dry mouth b. tiredness c. nausea d. increased appetite e. dysuria |
d. increased appetite *decreased appetite is a common side effect |
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Which of these is not a common side effect of CNS stimulant drugs? a. irritability b. decreased appetite c. diarrhea d. sweating e. decreased libido |
c. diarrhea
*constipation is a common side effect |
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Which of these is not a common side effect of Strattera (SNRI)? a. slow onset mild depression b. sexual problems c. tiredness d. forgetfulness |
b. sexual problems |
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Which type of treatment has been shown to be most effective in treating ADHD? a. CBT b. drug treatment c. a combination of CBT and drug treatment d. Psychotherapy |
c. a combination of CBT and drug treatment |
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What is the rate of prevalence of autism in boys compared to girls? a. Boys are twice more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls b. Boys are half as likely to be diagnosed with autism as girls c. The prevalence is the same d. Boys are 3-5 times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls |
d. Boys are 3-5 times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls |
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2. Given recent revisions in the diagnostic criteria for ASD, it is expected that prevalence rates will likely a. decrease because fewer children will be diagnosed b. decrease because fewer children will develop ASD c. remain stable because there have been no changes to diagnostic criteria d. increase because practitioners are more aware of the condition |
a. decrease because fewer children will be diagnosed |
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3. What are the main symptoms of ADHD? a. Inattention, recklessness and hyperactivity b. Impulsivity and low concentration c. Fidgeting, inattention and hyperactivity d. Hyperactivity and inattention |
d. Hyperactivity and inattention |
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ADHD is thought to develop due to a. poor diet b. failure of carers to set appropriate expectations and boundaries c. both a. and b d. none of the above |
d. none of the above |
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Children with ADHD respond best to treatments involving a. Sedatives and behavioural modification b. Cognitive behavioural therapy and stimulants c. A good smack d. Behavioural modification and stimulants |
b. Cognitive behavioural therapy and stimulants
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