Hps 205 W9 Wakefulness, Sleep, Dreaming

Front 1

A free-running rhythm is a rhythm that:

Occurs when specific stimuli reset or alter it.

Occurs when stimuli do not alter it.

Occurs when stimuli reset or alter it.

Occurs when no stimuli reset or alter it.

Back 1

4. Occurs when no stimuli reset or alter it.

Front 2

After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the body

Cannot generate biological rhythms.

Still has rhythms in synchrony with environmental patters of light and dark.

Still has rhythms, but they are less consistent.

Still has rhythms, but they can only be reset by artificial light.

Back 2

3. Still has rhythms, but they are less consistent

Front 3

The role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the regulation of biological rhythms is to

Coordinate several biological clocks.

Feed visual information to the biological clock.

Generate the circadian rhythm.

Generate circannual rhythms.

Back 3

3. Generate the circadian rhythm.

Front 4

The retinohypothalamic pathway receives input from the

Retinal ganglion cells that respond directly to light.

Occipital cortex.

SCN.

LGN.

Back 4

Retinal ganglion cells that respond directly to light.

Front 5

When do the secretions of melatonin begin?

Just before a person wakes.

When body temperature is at its lowest.

When body temperature is at its highest.

A couple of hours before a person naturally falls asleep.

Back 5

4. A couple of hours before a person naturally falls asleep.

Front 6

Alpha waves are characteristic of what type of activity?

NREM sleep.

nightmares.

Relaxed wakefulness.

Periods of great excitement.

Back 6

3. Relaxed wakefulness.

Front 7

What is synonymous with paradoxical sleep?

Alpha waves.

Stages 1 and 2.

Stages 3 and 4.

REM sleep.

Back 7

4. REM sleep.

Front 8

The ______ is a structure that extends from the medulla into the forebrain.

a. Reticular formation.
b. Tectum.
c. Tegmentum.

d. Thalamus.

Back 8

a. Reticular formation.

Front 9

In response to meaningful events, the locus coerulus releases

a. norepinephrine.
b. acetylcholine.
c. dopamine.

d. serotonin.

Back 9

a. norepinephrine.

Front 10

REM sleep is associated with
a. Tension and activity of the postural muscles.

b. PGO waves in the brain.
c. A highly synchronized EEG pattern.
d. Decreased heart rate.

Back 10

b. PGO waves in the brain.

Front 11

Sleep apnea is
a. Involuntary movements of the arms and legs during sleep.

b. Inability to breathe while sleeping.
c. Tendency to fall asleep suddenly during the day.
d. Same as sleep-talking.

Back 11

b. Inability to breathe while sleeping.

Front 12

What is narcolepsy?
a. sleepwalking.
b. The inability to breathe while sleeping.
c. Involuntary movements of the limbs while sleeping.

d. Sudden periods of sleepiness during the day.

Back 12

d. Sudden periods of sleepiness during the day.

Front 13

describe Activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreams (AS hypo)

Back 13

dreams begin with spontaneous activity in PONS, highly emotional due to amygdala activity, cortex interprets activity pattern into 'story' but do to low activity in temporal and occipital cortex this results in 'hallucinations', also impaired memory due to low activity in pre-fontal cortex

Front 14

describe Clinico-anatomical hypothesis of dreams

Back 14

compared to AS hypo less emphasis on ponds, PGO waves and REM sleep stage, dreams are regular thinking in unusual circumstances, internal stimulus is combined with recent memories and info from senses