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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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community health
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health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions to protect and improve the health of the community
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health education
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any combination of planned learning experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunities to aquire information and the skills needed to make quality health decisions
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health promotion
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any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities
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disease prevention
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the process of reducing risks and alleviating disease to promote, preserve, and restore health and minimize suffering
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health disparity
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population-specific difference in the presence of disease, health outcomes, or access to care
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public health
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what we as a society do collectivly to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy
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wellness
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an approach to health that focuses on balancing the many aspects, or dimensions, of a persons life through increasing the adoption of health enhancing conditions and behaviors rather than attempting to minimize conditions of illness
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emerging health profession
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an occupation that does not rank so clearly high or so clearly low on the attributes that distinguish an occupation from a profession
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health educator
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a professionally prepared individual who serves in a variety of roles and is specifically trained to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the development of policies, proceedures, interventions, and systems confucive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities
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What was the goal of the first health revolution?
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to control harm from infectious disease
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What was the goal of health promoters after the 1950's?
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to inform about disease prevention and chronic diseases
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epidemiological data
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information gathered when trying to measure health
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rate
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the measure of some event, disease, or condition in relation to a unit of population along with some specific time
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death rates
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the number of deaths per 100,000 resident population
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Name the ways rates can be expressed
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crude, adjusted, and specific
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crude rate
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rate expressed for a total population
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adjusted rate
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rate expressed for a population focusing on a specific part - eg. Age
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specific rate
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a rate for a specific population subgroup
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endemic
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an event that occurs regularly in a population
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epidemic
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an event that occurs suddenly in a population
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pandemic
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an event that occurs over a large geographic area
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years of potential life lost
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the measure of premature death (subtract death age from 75)
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Disability Adjusted Life Years
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add the total years of life lost from an accident and the years lived with the disability
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health adjusted life expectancy
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the number of healthy years of life that a person is expected to live
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Health Related Quality of Life
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aspects of their quality of lives that affect their health
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National Health Interview Survey
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a survey on peoples health done over the phone
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National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
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a physical examination of the health
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National Health Care Surveys
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surveys done about their service by a health care provider
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Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
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a survey done by phone taken by the state
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Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System
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a survey that studies the causes of death among youth
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National College Health Assessment
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not implemented by the government, it surveys college students behaviors following health
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evidence based practice
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the use of evidence to create health related programs
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What steps do most models for behavior change use?
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1. Assessing the needs 2. setting goals and objectives 3. developing an intervention 4. implementing the intervention 5. evaluating the results
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health field
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term that includes all matters that are affecting health
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health field Concept
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a framework that is subdivided into human biology, lifestyle, environment, health care organization that are studied and have brought light to health and disease prevention
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health behavior
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the lifestyle choices that effect a person's health
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Health Care Organization
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consists of the quantity, quality, arrangement, nature and relationships of people in the provisions of health care
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Primary Prevention
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preventitive measures that forestall the onset of illness
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Secondary Prevention
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preventitive measures that lead to an early diagnosis of a disease
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tertiary prevention
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preventitive measures that work with one who already has the disease and to slow the process
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risk factors
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inherited, environmental, and behavioral influences that increase the likelyhood of mental and physical problems
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modifiable risk factors
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factors that can be changed - diet, smoking, lifestyle
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unmodifiable risk factors
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factors that cannot be changed - age, sex, genetics
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leading causes of death
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the primary pathophysiological conditions identified at the time of death
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actual causes of death
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modifiable behaviors
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chain of infection
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a model used to explain the spread of a communicable disease from one host to another
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communicable disease model
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a model used to help explain the spread of a communicable disease from one host to another via the elements of agent, host, and environment
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multicausation disease model
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a model used to explain the on set of disease that is caused by more than one factor
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Participation
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refers to the active involvement of those in the population in helping identify, plan, and implement programs to address health
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Ecological Approaches
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behaviors are influenced by several environmental dimensions including the physical, social, and cultural dimensions
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population based approaches
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policies that target a group of people to inform about health
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Name some examples of population based approaches
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policy development, community development, empowerment of individuals, and economic supports
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advocacy
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the actions of endeavors individuals or groups engage in order to alter public opinion in favor in opposition to a certain policy
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empowerment
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a social action process that promotes participation of people, organizations, and communities in gaining control their lives
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In the middle ages, what caused health problems?
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because the Roman empire didn't protect the cities, they had to have walls surrounding the cities. The cities were over populated with people and live stock.
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What were the main health problems in the middle ages?
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a source of fresh water and where to put sewage
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In the middle ages, what were Christians ideas on filth?
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they reguarded it as sanctity, it then moved to understanding that the body holds their soul on earth allowing them to clean it
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Name the epidemics found in the middle ages
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Lepords and plague
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What kind of treatment was used in the Renaissance?
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blood letting
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What was used as diagnosis in the Renaissance?
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water casting
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Name some acheivements in the Renaissance
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anatomical drawings and microscope
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What were health boards' jobs in the Renaissance?
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fight plague, regulate food, sewage, hospitals, beggars, prostitutes, cemetaries, professionals, drugs, and hostilaries
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Miasmas Theory
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the theory that disease and illness rose from rotting refuse and traveled through the air for distances and infected people (1700)
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What was used to prevent miasmas?
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incents and aroma therapy
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What was written in the 1800's that started public health?
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Report on an Inquiry into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britian
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What contributions did Pasture make?
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immunization, reproduction of bacteria, pasturize milk, antiseptic for wounds
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What was the public health like in the 1700's (US)?
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began the regulation of environmental cleanliness, cities formed local health boards, life expectancy was 28.7
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What was the public health like in the 1800's (US)?
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Industrial Revolution promoted uncleanliness, Report of the Sanitary Commission of Mass,APHA, US Public Health Service, Marine Hospital Service Act, National Board of Health
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Report of the Sanitary Commission of Mass
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visualized how to improve public health
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Whats another name for the 1900's in the US?
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the reform phase of public health
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When were volunteer agencies formed?
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1900 -1920
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What's the life expectancy in 1920?
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59.7
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Kellogg
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founded a sanitarium that helped educated people
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What president added public health in one of their plans?
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FDR - New Deal
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Social Security Act of 1935
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supported health departments and programs financially
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Ransdell Act
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converted the hygiene lab into the National Institutes of Health
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National Hospital Survey and Construction Act
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this was a phone survey that made sure that the hospitals were giving adequate care
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Medicare
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assistance to the elderly to help with the payment of medical bills
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Medicade
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assistance to the poor to help pay for medical bills
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What year were health educators considered a professional?
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1997
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Demographic Profile
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the break down of the US by age, group, sex, race, and ethnicity (constantly changing)
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What decent are most immigrants?
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Europeans
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traditional family
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two parents and their children
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postmodern family
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any samily situation that is not a traditional family
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macrolevel
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health promotion that aims at the community as a whole (works by advocacy and with politics)
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What is promoted more quality of life or longevity of live?
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quality
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What do consumers need access to inorder to prevent disease?
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info, tools, ability to say no
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